Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Very few people are aware of the significant negative impact that cluttering- a communication disorder which affects a person's ability to speak in a clear, concise and fluent manner- can have on one's life educationally, socially and vocationally. Although different from stuttering, it is often related to this more well-known disorder. This book treats cluttering as a serious communication disorder in its own right, providing an in-depth examination of the critical factors surrounding its assessment, treatment and research. Using evidence-based data as well as information regarding the assessment and treatment of cluttering within the field of speech-language pathology, the volume includes the latest research findings and work from leading worldwide cluttering experts. Current viewpoints regarding cluttering, along with substantiated evidence are provided. Research findings are presented regarding the nature and neurology of cluttering. A range of successful assessment and treatment methodologies are described in the context of disorders which may co-occur with cluttering, such as autism spectrum disorders, learning disabilities, Down Syndrome and stuttering. Future directions with regards to the definition, teaching and researching of cluttering are also addressed. Students, faculty members, researchers and clinicians in the field of speech pathology will find this book an essential and unique source of information on cluttering."

"ABSTRAKPenyebaran HIV dapat dimodelkan dengan menggunakan pendekatan deterministik kedalam sistem persamaan diferensial biasa tidak linier berdimensi tujuh, pada skripsi ini dibuat model matematika penyebaran HIV dengan intervensi ART. Pada model sederhana yaitu ketika tidak dilakukan intervensi ART, titik keseimbangan bebas penyakit dan titik keseimbangan endemik dapat ditentukan secara analitik dengan basic reproduction number. Kriteria kestabilan lokal dari titik keseimbangan bebas penyakit dan titik keseimbangan endemik dapat dianalisis. Titik keseimbangan endemik ada ketika nilai basic reproduction number lebih besar dari satu. Berdasarkan analisis sensitivitas dari basic reproduction number pada model lengkap model dengan intervensi ART , dengan memperbesar laju intervensi ART pada manusia yang terinfeksi HIV akan menurunkan basic reproduction number. Simulasi numerik dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh intervensi ART dalam mengurangi total manusia terinfeksi selama periode intervensi.

---

ABSTRACTHIV spreads can be modeled using a deterministic approach into a seven dimensional nonlinear ordinary differential equation, in this thesis establish a mathematical model for the spread of HIV with an intervention of ART treatment. In a simplified model, when no ART treatment implemented, disease free and the endemic equilibrium points were established analytically along with the basic reproduction number. The local stability criteria of disease free equilibrium and the existing criteria of endemic equilibrium analyzed. The endemic equilibrium exists when basic reproduction number is larger than one. From the sensitivity analysis of basic reproduction number of the complete model model with ART treatment , the enlarging number of the infected human who following the ART treatment program will reduce basic reproduction number. The numerical simulation of the autonomous system to show how treatment intervention of ART impacts the reduction of the infected population during intervention time period."

"Medical information can improve health, and there is an enormous amount of health information available on the Internet. A randomized clinical trial tested the effectiveness of an intervention based on social?cognitive theory to improve information use among people living with HIV/AIDS. Men and women (N 􏰀 448) were placed in either (a) an 8-session intervention that focused on Internet information consumer skills or (b) a time-matched support group and were followed to 9 months postintervention. The Internet skills group demonstrated greater Internet use for health, information coping, and social support compared with the control group. The authors conclude that people with HIV infection may benefit from increased access to health information on the Internet and that vulnerability to misinfor- mation and fraud can be reduced through behavioral interventions."

"HIV atau Human Immunodeficiency Virus adalah virus yang menginfeksi limfosit CD4+T yang menyebabkan sistem kekebalan tubuh dalam individu menjadi menurun. Di lain pihak, AIDS atau Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome adalah gejala-gejala yang muncul dikarenakan menurunnya sistem kekebalan tubuh disebabkan oleh infeksi HIV. Penyebab terbesar penyebaran HIV melalui hubungan seksual bebas, artinya hubungan seksual melalui anal maupun vagina dengan individu yang berbeda-beda. Hubungan seksual anal biasanya dilakukan oleh pasangan homoseksual dan hubungan seksual melalui vagina selalu dilakukan oleh pasangan heteroseksual. Melakukan hubungan seksual tanpa menggunakan kondom menjadi faktor besar dalam penyebaran HIV. Penyakit HIV/AIDS dapat terjadi akibat jumlah sel CD4+T pada tubuh yang menurun. Hal ini menyebabkan sistem kekebalan tubuh menurun, atau sampai tidak berfungsi lagi. Sel CD4+T adalah adalah jenis sel darah putih yang biasa disebut limfosit. Tersedia pengobatan terapi antiretroviral yang merupakan pengobatan untuk mengurangi risiko penularan HIV dan menambah jumlah sel CD4+T dalam tubuh. Terapi antiretroviral ini tidak dapat menghancurkan HIV, tetapi obat ini dapat menahan perkembangbiakan HIV dengan menambahkan jumlah sel CD4+T dalam tubuh. Pada proposal ini, akan diusulkan penelitian untuk mengonstruksi model matematika penyebaran penyakit HIV/AIDS melalui hubungan seksual bebas berdasarkan klasifikasi jumlah sel CD4+T dalam tubuh dengan intervensi pengobatan terapi antiretroviral . Berdasarkan model yang dikonstruksi, akan dilakukan kajian analitik berupa analisis eksistensi, analisis kestabilan titik-titik kesembangan, serta analisis nilai basic reproduction number. Selanjutnya, akan dilakukan simulasi numerik berupa analisis elastisitas dan sensitivitas, beserta simulasi autonomous dari model yang dikonstruksi. Berdasarkan interpretasi dari hasil kajian analitik dan simulasi numerik, diharapkan dapat dipahami bagaimana efek dari pengobatan terapi antiretroviral dalam penyebaran penyakit HIV/AIDS melalui hubungan seksual bebas berdasarkan klasifikasi jumlah sel CD4+T dalam tubuh.

---

HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a virus that infects CD4+T lymphocytes which causes the immune system in individuals to decrease. On the other hand, AIDS, or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is the final stage of HIV infection. The biggest cause of the spread of HIV is through casual sexual intercourse, meaning anal or vaginal intercourse with different individuals. Anal sex is usually performed by homosexual partners and vaginal intercourse is always performed by heterosexual couples. Having sex without using a condom is a big factor in the spread of HIV. HIV/AIDS can occur due to a decrease in the number of CD4+ T cells in the body. This causes the immune system to decrease, or until it no longer functions. CD4+ T cells are a type of white blood cell commonly called lymphocytes. Antiretroviral therapy is available, which is a treatment to reduce the risk of HIV transmission and increase the number of CD4+ T cells in the body. Antiretroviral therapy cannot destroy HIV, but it can stop HIV from multiplying by increasing the number of CD4+ T cells in the body. In this journal, research will be proposed to construct a mathematical distribution model for HIV/AIDS through promiscuous sexual intercourse based on the classification of the number of CD4+T cells in the body with antiretroviral therapy treatment interventions. Based on the constructed model, an analytical study will be carried out in the form of existence analysis, stability analysis of equilibrium points, and analysis of fill in the basic reproduction number. Next, numerical simulations will be carried out in the form of elasticity and sensitivity analysis, along with autonomous simulations of the constructed models. Based on the interpretation of the results of analytical studies and numerical simulations, it is hoped that the effects can be understood of antiretroviral therapy treatment in the spread of HIV/AIDS through free sexual intercourse based on the classification of the number of CD4+ T cells in the body."