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"Porin OmpF merupakan Outer Membrane Protein (OMP) yang berperan dalam transport pasif berbagai senyawa dan sering diasosiasikan dengan sifat resistensi antibiotik. Gen ompF pengkode porin OmpF kerap dipelajari pada spesies Escherichia coli. Kejadian resistensi antibiotik bakteri seperti pada E. coli menjadi salah satu masalah utama dalam dunia kesehatan, sehingga studi mengenai gen ompF pada bakteri E. coli sangat penting dilakukan. Belum adanya laporan mengenai profil gen ompF pada E. coli resistensi di Indonesia menyebabkan perlunya dilakukan penelitian ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data karakteristik gen ompF yang mengkode porin OmpF pada isolat klinis E. coli serta kepekaannya terhadap antibiotik. Sebanyak 21 sampel E. coli resisten yang diinokulasi di Jakarta, Indonesia dikelompokkan menjadi 3 variabel fenotip. DNA isolat diekstraksi menggunakan kit ekstraksi QIAamp® DNA Mini Kit (50), lalu gen ompF diamplifikasi menggunakan primer spesifik dengan metode PCR konvensional dan dilanjutkan dengan sekuensing. Gen ompF isolat dibandingkan dengan gen ompF strain E. coli ATCC 25922 secara bioinformatik, meliputi mutasi serta pohon filogenetiknya. Diketahui bahwa hampir seluruh sampel E. coli patogen mengalami mutasi pada deret asam nukleat dimana sebagian besar mutasi yang terjadi merupakan silent mutation. Mutasi gen ompF tingkat asam amino terjadi pada nomor 48, 51, 52, 60, 115, 224, 225, 226, 229, 306, dan 307. Namun mutasi-mutasi tersebut tidak mempengaruhi sifat fenotipik resistensi. Analisis pohon filogenetik juga menunjukkan bahwa sampel dengan sifat fenotip yang sama tidak mengelompok menjadi clade yang sama secara garis evolusi.

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Porin OmpF is an Outer Membrane Protein (OMP) that plays role in passive transport of various compounds and is often associated with antibiotic resistance. The ompF gene encoding the OmpF porin is frequently studied in Escherichia coli species. The incidence of bacterial antibiotic resistance like E. coli is one of the main problems in the world of health, so the study of the ompF gene in E. coli is very important. The absence of reports on the ompF gene profile in E. coli resistance in Indonesia has led to the need for this research. This study aims to obtain data on the characteristics of the ompF gene encoding the OmpF porin in clinical isolates of E. coli and its sensitivity to antibiotics. A total of 21 samples of E. coli inoculated in Jakarta, Indonesia were grouped into 3 phenotypic variables. The DNA then was extracted using the QIAamp® DNA Mini Kit (50) extraction kit, then the ompF gene was amplified using specific primers with conventional PCR method and proceeded to sequencing. The ompF gene of the isolates were compared with the ompF gene of the E. coli ATCC 25922 strain bioinformatically, including mutations and its phylogenetic tree. It is known that almost all samples of those E. coli have mutations in the nucleic acid sequences where most of theem are silent mutations. Amino acid level of ompF gene mutations occurred at numbers 48, 51, 52, 60, 115, 224, 225, 226, 229, 306, and 307. However, these mutations did not affect the phenotypic characteristics of resistance. The phylogenetic tree analysis also showed that samples with the same phenotypic traits did not clustered into a same clade evolutionarily"

"Kepala ruangan mempunyai peran penting, dalam upaya mendukung program Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Infeksi (PPI) di Rumah sakit. Kompetensi kepala ruangan dalam pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi (ppi) merupakan kompetensi dasar yang harus dimiliki. Kemampuan yang dimiliki di pengaruhi faktor karakteristik, motivasi diri dan suvervisi kepala ruangan. Metode penelitian ini, menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain Cross-sectional. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik total sampling dengan jumlah sampel 70 kepala ruangan di empat (4) Rumah sakit wilayah Bogor. Hasil penelitian menggunakan uji chi-square dengan CI 95%, didapatkan hasil bahwa terdapat hubungan signifikan antara jenjang karir (p-value 0.030), Motivasi Diri (p-value 0.015), Supervisi kepala ruangan (p-value 0.001) dan kemampuan pengendalian dan pencegahan infeksi kepala ruangan. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara usia (p-value 0,414), tingkat Pendidikan (p-value 0,069), jenis kelamin (p-value 0,314), lama bekerja (p-value 0,854), pelatihan PPI (p-value 0,896) dan kemampuan pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi (ppi) kepala ruangan. Hasil regresi logistik berganda didapatkan supervisi kepala ruangan menjadi variabel paling dominan. Simpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah pentingnya kepala ruangan dalam peningkatan jenjang karir, melakukan supervisi dan memiliki motivasi diri baik, dalam optimalisasi program pengendalian dan pencegahan infeksi

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The head of the room has an important role, in an effort to support the Infection Prevention and Control program in the hospital. The competence of the head of the room in infection prevention and control is a basic competency that must be possessed. The abilities possessed are influenced by characteristic factors, self-motivation and supervision of the head of the room. This research method uses a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. Sampling with total sampling technique with a sample of 70 heads of rooms in four (4) hospitals in the Bogor area. The results of the study using the chi-square test with 95% CI, the results showed that there was a significant relationship between career path (p-value 0.030), self-motivation (p-value 0.015), supervision of the head of the room (p-value 0.001) and controllability and prevention of head room infection. There is no relationship between age (p-value 0.414), education level (p-value 0.069), gender (p-value 0.314), length of work (p-value 0.854), PPI training (p-value 0.896) and prevention skills. and infection control (ppi) head of the room. The results of multiple logistic regression showed that the supervision of the head of the room was the most dominant variable. The conclusion in this study is the importance of the head of the room in increasing career paths, supervising and having good self-motivation, in optimizing infection control and prevention."

"Infeksi dengue merupakan salah satu masalah utama kesehatan di dunia, termasuk di Indonesia. Angka kejadian demam berdarah dengue di Indonesia terus meningkat sejak tahun 1968 sampai tahun 2013. Akan tetapi, laju kematian atau case fatality ratio akibat demam berdarah dengue mengalami penurunan karena adanya deteksi infeksi dengue secara dini menggunakan antibodi monoklonal dan protein biomarka non-struktural 1 (NS1). Pengembangan antibodi monoklonal dengan teknologi hibridoma sebagai bahan baku kit diagnostik dengue terkendala masalah biaya produksi yang mahal dan waktu produksi yang relatif lama, sehingga dibutuhkan alternatif lain seperti pengembangan antibodi rekombinan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memperbanyak gen rantai berat (heavy chain) dan rantai ringan (light chain) penyusun fragment antigen binding (Fab) rekombinan dari sel hibridoma lokal 71E2 yang telah diinduksi dengan virus dengue sehingga diharapkan mampu mensekreksikan antibodi anti-NS1. Gen heavy chain dan light chain diamplifikasi dengan menggunakan teknik polymerase chain reaction (PCR), kemudian divisualisasi dengan menggunakan elektroforesis gel agarosa. Produk PCR gen heavy chain menghasilkan pita berukuran 600 bp, sedangkan produk PCR gen light chain menghasilkan pita berukuran 350 bp. Plasmid rekombinan yang terdiri atas gen heavy chain/light chain dan vektor pTA2 ditransformasi ke dalam Escherichia coli TOP10 dengan menggunakan metode heat shock. Teknik PCR, digesti, dan sekuensing digunakan untuk mengkonfirmasi keberadaan gen target pada plasmid rekombinan. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa gen heavy chain dan light chain yang berasal dari sel hibridoma 71E2 berhasil dikloning pada vektor pTA2 di dalam E. coli TOP10. Akan tetapi, diperlukan studi lebih lanjut untuk mengevaluasi kemampuan ekspresi Fab rekombinan yang tersusun atas gen heavy chain dan light chain hasil kloning sebagai material penting dalam pengembangan kit diagnostik dengue.

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Dengue infection is one of major health problem which spread worldwide including in Indonesia. The dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) incidence in Indonesia increased rapidly from 1968 until 2013. However, the case fatality ratio decreased during the same period due to early detection of dengue infection by using monoclonal antibody and non-structural 1 (NS1) protein biomarker. The development of monoclonal antibody with hybridoma technology as raw material for dengue diagnostic kit was constrained by the expensive production costs and relatively long production time so that other alternatives are needed such as the development of recombinant antibody. This early study was conducted to clone heavy chain and light chain gene of recombinant fragment antigen binding (Fab) using local hybridoma cell 71E2 secreting monoclonal antibody anti-NS1 which was induced by dengue virus. The heavy chain and light chain gene of Fab were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis. Heavy chain PCR product produces a band at 600 bp, while light chain PCR product produces a band at 350 bp. The recombinant plasmid that consists of the gene and pTA2 vector were transformed to Escherichia coli TOP10 using heat shock method. Polymerase chain reaction, digestion, and sequencing method then used to confirm the gene insertion in the recombinant plasmid. The results showed that the heavy chain and light chain gene from hybridoma cell 71E2 were successfully cloned on the pTA2 vector in E. coli TOP10. However, further study should be conducted to evaluate the expression of the recombinant Fab from heavy chain and light chain gene as a valuable material in the development of dengue diagnostic kit."