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"Every body consumes street-foods, even babies as early as 6 months of age. The older the children, the more varied the street foods being consumed. Street foods therefore have contributed to a significant proportion of energy, protein and iron intake of school age children. Looking at high percentages of street foods contribution to their nutrient intake, street foods play an important role in school children's growth and school achievement. On the other hand the safety (microbiological & chemical aspect) of street foods is still questionable. This study aimed to investigate the predicted consumption of illegal food additives from street food among school children from two different types of government primary schools.

This research report is arranged and divided in three sequential parts. Part 1 contains comprehensive review on the background and rationale of the study, problem statements, literature review, conceptual framework, objectives of the study and the hypothesis.

Part 2 consists of manuscript for publication entitled "School children from model school had lower intake of illegal food additive from street foods compare to school children from regular school" that presents the main findings of the study. The manuscript is written in accordance with the "Instruction for Author's" of "Food and Nutrition Bulletin".

Part 3 is the compilation of the detailed questionnaire, methodology, other important results that are not included in the manuscript, ethical consideration and list of references."

"Studi cross sectional ini bertujuan untuk membuat Iembaran data HACCP dan mengetahui praktek pembuat makanan di Kotamadya Bekasi. Hasil Studi menemukan 10 makanan yang paling sering dikonsumsi oleh anak 6-24 buian adalah sayur bening bayam, sayur sop, nasi, nasi tim, biskuit, bubur ayam, bubur instant, tempe goreng, ikan goreng, dan telur dadar dengan CCP yaitu pemasakan, pendinginan, penyimpanan, pemanasan ulang, pembelian, penyiapan, dan penambahan bahan setelah pemanasan. Praktek pembuat makanan yang diiclentifikasi meliputi tidak memasak secara menyeluruh, tidak segera memakan makanan, tidak memanaskan makanan, tidak membaca tanggal kadaluarsa, tidak memeriksa kondisi kemasan ketika pembelian, dan tidak mencuci tangan dengan benar.

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This cross sectional study aimed to develop HACCP data sheet and assess food handler's practices in Bekasi municipality. The study found 10 foods mostly consumed by 6-24 months old children were spinach soup, vegetable soup, cooked rice, nasi tim, biscuit, ready to eat rice porridge, instant porridge formula, fried temps, fried lish, and egg omelet. The CCPS commonly found were cooking, holding, storing, reheating, purchasing, preparation, and addition of ingredients after heat treatment. Food handler's practices identified were not thoroughly cooking; not eating cooked food promptly; not reheating; not reading expiry date; not observing broken package; and improper hand washing."

"Kualitas udara di Indonesia semakin buruk setiap tahunnya. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah penggunaan kendaraan bermotor yang masih menggunakan bahan bakar fosil. Jumlah kendaraan bermotor semakin meningkat setiap tahunnya sekitar 5% dari tahun sebelumnya. Penggunaan bahan bakar fosil pun semakin meningkat, dimana hasil pembakaran dari bahan bakar fosil ini mengandung CO, CO2, dan HCyang berbahaya untuk lingkungan dan pernapasan manusia. Untuk Indonesia, kondisinya saat ini sudah cukup berbahaya karena sudah melewati batas jumlah partikulat yang dianjurkan WHO. Akibat berkurangnya jumlah cadangan minyak bumi dan rusaknya udara lingkungan, Pemerintah Indonesia dan negara lain pun berupaya untuk mencari bahan bakar alternatif dari bahan bakar fosil. Bioetanol merupakan salah satu potensi bahan bakar alternatif yang bisa didapatkan dari tanaman melalui proses fermentasi. Mengingat Indonesia cukup mudah untuk menemukan tanaman-tanaman ini, maka sumber bahan baku ini relatif mudah didapat, dan bersifat terbarukan. Bioetanol sudah digunakan dalam bentuk campuran dengan bahan bakar fosil, namun karena perbedaan polar dan non-polar dari campuran ini menyebabkan campuran tidak menyatu sepenuhnya. Maka diperlukan suatu aditif yang dapat berperan sebagai pelarut untuk membuat campuran menjadi homogen. Sehingga penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat penggunaan bahan bakar campuran bensin – bioethanol yang ditambahi zat aditif pada mesin spark ignition (SI). Zat aditif yang digunakan yaitu cyclohexanol dengan volume yang divariasikan. Kemudian dilakukan analisis terhadap hasil emisi gas buang dan coefficient of variation (COV). Dari hasil pengujian, pencampuran zat aditif cyclohexanol dapat memperbaiki COV dan semakin memperbaiki kualitas emisi gas buang yang dihasilkan dari pembakaran.

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Air quality in Indonesia is getting worse every year. One of the causes is the use of motor vehicles that still use fossil fuels. The number of vehicles increases annually by about 5% from the previous year. The use of fossil fuels is also increasing, where the combustion products of these fossil fuels contain CO, CO2, HC, O2 which are dangerous to the environment and human respiration. In Indonesia, the current condition is quite dangerous because it exceeds the limit for the number of particulates recommended by WHO. Due to the lack of oil reserves and environmental air damage, the Government of Indonesia and other countries are trying to find alternative fuels from fossil fuels. Bioethanol is one of the potential alternative fuels that can be obtained from plants such as cassava, rice, and others through the fermentation process. Considering that Indonesia is a country that is quite easy to find these such plants, the sources of these raw materials are relatively easy to obtain, and renewable. Bioethanol has been used in the form of a mixture with fossil fuels, but because of the polar and non-polar properties in this mixture, the mixture does not blend completely. Therefore, we need an additive that can act as a solvent to make the mixture homogeneous. In this research was conducted to see the use of gasoline-bioethanol mixture fuel added with additives in spark ignition (SI) engines. The additive used is cyclohexanol with varied volumes. Then an analysis of exhaust gas emissions and coefficient of variation (COV) of the combustion is carried out. From the test results, mixing cyclohexanol additives can improve COV and improve the quality of exhaust emissions resulting from combustion of the mixtures."

"Selai merupakan produk makanan semi padat yang terbuat dari buah-buahan yang dimasak dengan gula yang digunakan sebagai pemberi rasa pada roti termasuk selai stroberi. Selai stroberi merupakan makanan yang ditambahkan bahan tambahan makanan berupa zat warna. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui adanya Ponceau 4R, merah Allura, Rodamin B, dan Amaran dalam sampel selai stroberi yang ada di Pasar Tradisional kota Depok serta menetapkan kadar zat warna merah sintetik yang diijinkan yang terdapat pada sampel selai stroberi. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah isolasi zat warna dengan bulu domba kemudian dilanjutkan dengan analisis menggunakan reaksi warna, dilanjutkan dengan kromatografi kertas menggunakan eluen etanol-n-butanol-air (3:4:4) dan isobutanol-etanol-air (3:2:4) dan KLT-densitometri dengan menggunakan eluen etanol-n-butanol-air (3:7:1). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari delapan sampel yang diperiksa, enam diantaranya mengandung ponceau 4R dengan kadar masing-masing sampel sebesar 0,01164; 0,00469; 0,00974; 0,00283; 0,00482 dan 0,00435% yang masih aman untuk dikonsumsi.

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Jam is a semi-solid food products made of fruit cooked with sugar that used as a flavoring on bakery including strawberry jam. Strawberry jam is added to food additives such as food dyes. The purpose of this study is to know about ponceau 4R, allura red, rodamin B, and amaran in the sample of strawberry jam in the traditional market at Depok City and to determine the levels of synthetic red dyes that are permitted on the sample strawberry jam. The method applied was dye isolation with wool and followed by analysis using a color reaction, then followed by paper chromatography using mobile phase n-butanol-ethanol-water (3:4:4) and isobutanol-ethanol-water (3:2:4 ) and also TLC Densitometri using eluent ethanol-n-butanol-water (3:7:1). The result of study that from eight that has been investigated, it was found that six of them was contained ponceau 4R with levels of each sample at 0,01164; 0,00469; 0,00974; 0,00283; 0,00482 and 0,00435% still safe to consume."