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"Kemampuan berbahasa anak sangat penting dalam membantu anak bersosialisasi dengan lingkungannya. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan bahasa yaitu latar belakang sosioekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan latar belakang sosioekonomi dengan perkembangan bahasa pada anak usia prasekolah. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif korelasional dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 62 anak usia prasekolah di Kelurahan Tanah Baru, Depok, yang dipilih secara konsekutif. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner perkembangan bahasa dan sosioekonomi yang dibuat oleh peneliti. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan rata-rata perkembangan bahasa anak berada pada rentang normal. Berdasarkan analisis bivariat, tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara latar belakang sosioekonomi dengan perkembangan bahasa pada anak usia prasekolah (p = 0,251). Rekomendasi untuk penelitian selanjutnya yaitu perlu ditambahkan faktor lain yang mempengaruhi perkembangan bahasa seperti lamanya interaksi ibu dengan anak.

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Children's language ability is very important to help them socialize with their environment. One of factors that influence the development of child’s language ability is socioeconomic background. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between socioeconomic backgrounds with language ability development among children at the age of preschool. This research used descriptive correlation design with a sample size of 62 preschool children in Kelurahan Tanah Baru, Depok. The data was collected with consecutive sampling technique. The questionnaire to measure child’s language ability development was developed by researcher.

The study showed that the average of children’s language ability development was at normal range. Bivariate analysis disclosed that there was no significant correlation between socioeconomic backgrounds with language development among preschool children (p=0.251). This study recommends further research to find out other factors affecting the development of language ability among preschool children such as the length of the interaction between mothers with their children."

"1. De verbintenis in het algemeen -- 2. Algemene leer der overeenkomsten -- 3. De verbintenis uit de wet."

"The population dynamics in Indonesia have brought several implications on manpower condition. Fertility level that was high in the past still has impact on the high supply of manpower in indonesia today. One consequence is that the Government has to provide job opportunity for working age population that is continually growing in number: However, formal sector occupations can only absorb about one third of manpower in Indonesia. As a result, most working age Indonesians have to create their own job opportunity in informal sector in particular in small and medium scale industry (UKM). The success of 0 UKM depends on many factors. This study aims to investigate the factors that support or impede the non- corporate body UKM in particular informal and small scale and traditional industry (USIT). The study location is in West Jakarta.

For the purpose of the study, a survey was Conducted. The survey collected data through face- to-face interviews to USIT owners using a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done descriptively. It is hypothesized that the progress of a USIT depends on the USIT owners demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. business characteristics and other characteristics (whether owns DKI Jakarta's identity card/KTP), the presence of difficulty in doing business, economic crisis effects on business, training, financial assistance and business prospect). There are eight indicators of growing business used in this study: duration of business and the ability to expand the business. The ability to expand the business is viewed from whether there is growth in physical assets, financial capitals, rates, labor and customers from the beginning of business to the time oft he study (October 2002). Results of the study show that the advancement USIT depends on the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of USIT owners, the characteristics of business and other characteristics. Economic stability and financial resources are the two factors stated to affect the growing of a USIT Access to information about financial aid from the Government is inadequate."

"Komersialisasi Bandar Udara (Bandara) Halim Perdanakusuma (HLP) sejak tahun 2014 menyebabkan eksternalitas negatif yang tidak terhindarkan yaitu peningkatan kebisingan pesawat terbang. Pengurangan kebisingan pesawat terbang adalah elemen kunci keberlanjutan bandara. Persepsi risiko mulai dari kebisingan lingkungan sampai sosial ekonomi, dan pola karakteristik masyarakat di permukiman sekitar Bandara HLP menjadi faktor penting yang harus dikaji dalam rangka pengelolaan bandara berkelanjutan. Tujuan dari riset ini adalah menganalisis kondisi kebisingan, persepsi risiko mulai dari kebisingan lingkungan sampai sosial ekonomi, dan korelasi antara karakteristik responden yang meliputi waktu domisili dan tingkat pendidikan dengan persepsi risiko kebisingan lingkungan di permukiman masyarakat sekitar Bandara HLP. Desain riset ini adalah cross-sectional dengan metode campuran (kuantitatif dan kualitatif). Tingkat kebisingan lingkungan di permukiman masyarakat sekitar Bandara HLP berdasarkan 16 jam pengukuran kebisingan (67.01─70.19 dBA) tidak memenuhi baku tingkat kebisingan untuk kawasan permukiman (55 dBA) sesuai regulasi. Output riset ini adalah pemetaan kebisingan Bandara HLP berbasis perhitungan WECPNL (73.80─79.72), kawasan permukiman ideal di sekitar Bandara HLP menariknya terletak di jalur take-off pesawat terbang (berjarak 600 m dari runway 06 HLP dengan WECPNL = 73,80). Persepsi risiko mayoritas responden mulai dari kebisingan lingkungan sampai dengan sosial ekonomi termasuk kategori sedang, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pertukaran yang dapat diterima dengan bertempat tinggal di sekitar Bandara HLP. Berdasarkan uji korelasi statistik Kendalls Tau-b diketahui waktu domisili dan tingkat pendidikan responden tidak berpengaruh terhadap persepsi risiko kebisingan lingkungan.

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The commercialization of Halim Perdanakusuma (HLP) Airport since 2014 has caused an inevitable negative externality which is noise aircraft increasing. Aircraft noise abatement is a key element of airport sustainability. The risk perception from environmental noise to social-economic and the characteristics pattern of society settlement in the HLP Airports vicinity are critical factors that must be studied in the framework of sustainable airport management.

The purpose of this research is to analyze noise ambience, risk perception from environmental noise to social-economic, and correlation between respondents characteristics which are domicile time and education level with the environmental noise risk perception in society settlement of HLP Airports vicinity.

This research using a cross-sectional design and mixed-method (quantitative and qualitative). The environmental noise level in society settlements in the HLP Airports vicinity based on 16-hour noise measurement (67.01─70.19 dBA) does not comply with noise level standard for settlement area (55 dBA) based on regulation.

The research output is the HLP Airports noise mapping based on WECPNL calculations (73.80─79.72), the ideal settlement area in the HLP Airports vicinity interestingly located in the flight path for take-off (distance 600 m from runway 06 HLP with WECPNL = 73,80). In the term of risk perception from environmental noise to social-economic, most respondents are in the moderate category which means there is an acceptable trade-off by living in the HLP Airports vicinity. Based on the statistical correlation test using Kendalls Tau-b, the domicile time and education level of respondents did not affect the environmental noise risk perception."

"This article explores the relationship between socioeconomic status and support for the opposition by examining six legislative elections in the democratic transition period between 1980 and 1995. We demonstrate how political economic environment, framed by the constitutional, economic, and cross-strait policies of the main parties, influences voters’ vote choice. Before the launching of democratic reforms in 1986, individuals of a higher socioeconomic status tend to embrace democratic values but fail to translate into concrete electoral support for the opposition camp due to the concerns about the potential shocks to the stability of the political economic system. It is only after the onset of democratic reforms that this group begins to reveal their support for the opposition camp. In contrast, the relationship between occupations and vote choices was largely stable in the decade of the 1980s. Both petty bourgeois and blue-collar labor were consistently in favor of the opposition party. With the democratic reforms come to an end and the convergence of the two main parties’ policies, the significant relationship between socioeconomic status and voting choice vanished in the 1992 and 1995 elections."

"Mahasiswa lintas status sosial ekonomi (SES) perlu sehat mental untuk menyerap pengetahuan akademik dan proses kematangan sosial secara optimal dan lulus sebagai anggota masyarakat yang produktif. Selanjutnya, pandemi berdampak pada kondisi ekonomi dan kesehatan mental (CEIC, 2022; UNICEF, 2021). Kami mensurvei seluruh mahasiswa aktif Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis (FEB) Universitas Indonesia (UI). Indikator kesehatan mental siswa menggunakan Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) sebagai variabel terikat. Indonesia unggul dalam kepatuhan kebijakan dengan instrumen hak asasi manusia tetapi perlu meningkatkan polis asuransi untuk pengobatan kesehatan mental. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pendapatan siswa berupa tunjangan, persepsi kesehatan umum, pendidikan ayah, dan tingkat religiusitas berkorelasi negatif dengan probabilitas siswa masuk dalam kategori stres tinggi. Universitas dapat meningkatkan perhatian kepada siswa dengan status sosial ekonomi rendah dan IPK, dan pemerintah dapat meningkatkan pembiayaan terkait kesehatan mental, asuransi, dan jumlah profesional kesehatan mental.

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University students across socioeconomic statuses (SES) need to be mentally healthy to optimally absorb the academic know-how and social maturity process and graduate as productive members of society. Furthermore, the pandemic impacted economic conditions and mental health (CEIC, 2022; UNICEF, 2021). We survey all active students in the Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB) at the University of Indonesia (UI). The mental health indicator of students has used the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) as the dependent variable. Indonesia excels in policy compliance with human rights instruments but needs to increase the insurance policy for mental health medication. The results show that the income level of students in the form of allowances, perceived general health, father's education, and level of religiosity is negatively correlated with the probability of students falling into the high-stress category. Universities can increase attention to students with lower socioeconomic status and GPAs, and the government can increase mental health-related financing, insurance, and numbers of mental health professionals."