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"Kebutuhan manusia akan tanah semakin hari semakin meningkat padahal jumlah tanah tetap tidak berkembang. Pembangunan pemerintah dilakukan untuk memajukan daerahnya. Tanah yang sudah dilekati hak atas tanah sering menemukan masalah, oleh karena itu ada yang namanya pengadaan tanah. Pemerintah harus memberikan penggantian yang layak kepada pemiliknya karena menyangkut dua kepentingan yaitu kepentingan umum dan kepentingan masyarakat yang terkena dampak. Peraturan Presiden No.65 Tahun 2006 dipakai sebagai dasar kebijakan untuk pengadaan tanah untuk kepentingan umum dalam pembangunan jalan Tol Bogor Outer Ring Road. Pada proses pelaksaaannya ternyata pengadaan tanah itu berjalan lambat dari periode 2005 -2009. Metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui observasi , wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi, dengan fokus penelitian antara lain evaluasi pelaksanaan kebijakan pengadaan tanah untuk pembangunan jalan , beserta kendala dan upaya penangannya. Hasil dari penelitian setelah diadakan evaluasi terhadap pelaksanan kebijakan pengadaan tanah untuk Pembangunan Jalan Tol Bogor Outer Ring Road ini, yang menggunakan Perpres No.65 Tahun 2006 sudah tidak efektif untuk melindungi dan menjalankan kegiatan tahapan tahapan pengadaan tanah dilihat dari fakta dilapangan dan standard yang ada pada pelaksanaan kebijakan pengadaan tanah ini.

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Human need for land is increasingly rising while the amount of land remain undeveloped. Development is undertaken to develop the region. Land that has clung to the land rights often find the problem, therefore no such thing as land acquisition. government should provide adequate reimbursement to the owner because it involves two interests are common interests and the interests of affected communities. Presidential Decree 65 of 2006 is used as the basis for the policy of land acquisition for public use in the construction of toll roads Bogor Outer Ring Road. In the process of land acquisition pelaksaaannya apparently it runs slower than the period of 2005 -2009. The method used by the researchers is a type of qualitative research with a qualitative approach through observation, interviews, and documentation, with a focus on the evaluation of the implementation of policies such as land acquisition for the construction of roads, along with constraints and efforts workarounds. Results from the study after extensive evaluation of the implementation of land acquisition policy for Toll Road Development Bogor Outer Ring Road, which uses regulation 65 of 2006 has been

ineffective to protect and operate phases of land acquisition stage seen from the fact that there are standards in the field and on the this land acquisition policy implementation."

"China has reduced the S02 emissions by 143% in the Five-Year Plan (2006-2010). However, air pollution is still a severe problem in some industrial regions in China, due to excessive use of coal and other fossil fuels. China plans to reduce S02 emissions by 8% in the new l2 Five-Year Plan (2011-2015), along with other CO2 reduction targets and pollutants reduction targets. This study makes a comprehensive assessment of energy related S02 emissions control in China's 12th Five-Year Plan, by using a large scale non-linear integrated assessmen model. According to the results, the popularization of wet type S02 scrubbers and improve ment of the environmental emission standards play an important role in the achievement of S02 control target by 2015. In addition, the changes in energy consumption structure Contribute to S0; and other energy related emission controls, as well as the sustainable development of energy‘ In China, future environmental policy should concentrate on the provinces which emit SO; seriously, like Shandong, Inner Mongolia and Henan, or relevant industrial sectors such as electric & heat power, ferrous metals and nonmetal mineral sectors."

"Tulisan ini membahas mengenai perkembangan gagasan proteksionisme di AS dari waktu ke waktu. Literatur-literatur yang ada akan dikelompokkan menggunakan metode kronologi ke dalam tiga periode berbeda, yaitu initial period, interwar period dan liberalization period with protectionism disjuncture. Dari perkembangan gagasan proteksionisme di dalam periode-periode tersebut, terlihat bahwa gagasan proteksionisme selalu hadir di AS, bahkan ketika AS menerapkan kebijakan liberalisasi perdagangan. Kemunculan proteksionisme tersebut juga selalu dilatarbelakangi oleh peristiwa- peristiwa besar, baik yang terjadi di dalam AS itu sendiri maupun dunia. Penulis melihat adanya preseden historis dari berlakunya proteksionisme di AS yakni wacana proteksionisme akan muncul ketika AS merasa memiliki tantangan eksternal yang dapat mengganggu kondisi dalam negeri AS. Pengelompokkan tersebut juga memperlihatkan tema-tema yang muncul di dalam pembahasan mengenai proteksionis yang memiliki kaitan erat dengan institusi, ide, kebijakan keamanan, dan kebijakan luar negeri AS. Tradisi populis AS turut berkontribusi dalam mendorong tindakan-tindakan proteksionis. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, proteksionisme menjadi gagasan yang dapat dianalisis dari berbagai faktor, mulai dari ekonomi, politik, keamanan, hingga ideologis. Akhirnya, ditemukan beberapa kesenjangan literatur yakni pertama, masih kurang dibahasnya aspek ide dan legal di dalam kajian mengenai proteksionisme dan kedua, masih belum ada literatur mengenai langkah-langkah untuk memitigasi proteksionisme selain dari sudut pandang perdagangan bebas.

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This paper discusses the development of protectionism idea from time to time. The literatures are classified using chronology method into three different periods, namely the initial period, interwar period and liberalization period with protectionism disjuncture. From the development of the idea of protectionism within those periods, it appears that the idea of protectionism is always present in the US, even when the US implements trade liberalization policies. The emergence of protectionism is motivated by major events, both within the US and the world. The author also sees a historical precedent regarding the emergence of protectionism in the US. Protectionist discourse also arises when US feels an external challenge that can disrupt domestic conditions in the US. The classifications also show some themes that emerge in the discussions on protectionism that are closely related to US institutions, ideas, security policies, and foreign policy. US populist tradition contributes to the promotion of protectionist measures taken by the government. Protectionism is not just a notion that can be analyzed from international political economy, but other factors, such as ideology, also matter to sustain the protectionism idea. By using contextual perspectives over time, this paper is expected to show how protectionism evolved as well as its relation to other aspects of international relations. Based on that, protectionism becomes an idea that can be analyzed from various factors, ranging from economic, political, security, to ideological. Finally, there are some literature gaps that can be found, which are firstly the lack of discussion about ideas and laws in the study of protectionism, and secondly, there is still no literature on measures to mitigate protectionism other than free trade."