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"Background Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and systemic sclerosis (SSc), have to cope with lifelong disease manifestation and impaired physical function. Limited physical activities along the disease will affect their quality of life (QoL). The QoL is recognized as an important factor of treatment strategy. This study aims to compare the quality of life of patient with SLE and SSc. Method This study was a cross-sectional study and conducted in rheumatology outpatient clinic of Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung, Indonesia from January 2015 until March 2017. The respondents were patients diagnosed as SLE and SSc who regularly visit rheumatology outpatient clinic. Respondents were asked to complete the Short Form-36 (SF-36). Baseline characteristics, including age, gender, and duration of disease, were collected during the visit. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the comparison. Result There were 242 patients who completed the SF-36 questionnaires, consisted of 193 SLE patients and 49 SSc patients. SLE patients were slightly younger and had a longer duration of disease compared to SSc. The SF-36 Physical Component Summary (PCS) score was significantly higher on SLE patients (40.6 vs 40.4, p = 0.0001), but the mean of Mental Component Summary (MCS) score was similar among both diseases. Conclusion Physical functioning aspect on quality of life is better in SLE patients compared to SSc patients. However, mental aspect for both diseases are relatively similar."

"ABSTRACTFor more than a decade, Indonesia has been practicing decentralization. During this period, local governments still experience difficulties in generating local revenues to fund their development. Local government bonds (LGBs) are actually one of the finest sources for financing local development. However until now there is no real practice in issuing local bonds in Indonesia though it is allowed in the existing regulation.There are still many considerations which hindered the realisation of LGB issuance ranging from the rule of mechanism to the local governments readiness themselves. To gain more insights about the issue, learning from another country (in Japan) on how they manage LGBs effectively and securely will be beneficial. Comparison model between the two countries is chosen to see the regulation and managerial aspects in LGB implementation including the main institution in central level, rules of the game, buyers and purposes. By having this comparison, it is expected that some crucial factors can be looked at, which may then provide us some information on why LGBs are yet to bloom in Indonesia. Moreover, the comparison is expected to provide some basis about the possibility to ease policy adoption for Indonesia in managing LGBs."