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"Indonesia yang menganut sistem hukum Civil Law mengatur ketentuan tentang perjanjian dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata, yaitu dalam Buku Ketiga KUHPerdata tentang Perikatan dalam Pasal 1233 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata. Salah satu penyebab hapusnya perjanjian adalah pelanggaran kontrak atau wanprestasi, yaitu kegagalan pihak dalam kontrak memenuhi prestasi kontraktual. Hukum perjanjian di Indonesia mengatur bentuk-bentuk penyelesaian wanprestasi berupa pembatalan perjanjian, pembatalan perjanjian disertai ganti rugi, pemenuhan perjanjian, dan pemenuhan perjanjian disertai ganti rugi. Berbeda dengan Indonesia, negara Singapura menganut sistem hukum Common Law. Wanprestasi dalam Hukum Perjanjian di Singapura dikenal dengan istilah breach of contract. Adapun, penyelesaian wanprestasi atau remedies for breach of contract terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu common law remedies berupa ganti rugi (damages) dan equitable remedies berupa specific performance dan injunction. Penelitian skripsi ini bertujuan memperoleh informasi terkait perbandingan antara paham dan ajaran penyelesaian pelanggaran kontrak dalam Hukum Perjanjian di Indonesia dan Singapura serta implementasinya dalam putusan pengadilan di kedua negara.

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Indonesia, which adheres to the Civil Law system, regulates the provisions regarding contract in the Burgerlijk Wetboek, namely in the Third Book, concerning contract in Article 1233. One of the causes of the termination of the contract is a breach of contract, namely the failure of the parties to the contract to fulfill the contractual performance. Contract Law in Indonesia regulates forms of remedies in the form of termination of contract, termination of contract with compensation or damages, fulfillment of contract, and fulfillment of contract with compensation or damages. Unlike Indonesia, Singapore adheres to the Common Law system. Breach in the Contract Law in Singapore is known as a breach of contract. Meanwhile, remedies for breach of contract are divided into two, namely common law remedies in the form of damages and equitable remedies in the form of specific performance and injunctions. This research aims to obtain information related to the comparison between the understanding and teachings of the remedies for breach of contract under Contract Law in Indonesia and Singapore and the implementation in court cases in both countries."

"Kasus pelanggaran keamanan data pribadi marak terjadi di Indonesia beberapa tahun belakangan. Akibat kasus tersebut menimbulkan berbagai kerugian terhadap Subjek Data Pribadi baik berbentuk materiil atau non-materiil. Terjadinya kebocoran data pribadi yang merugikan masyarakat ini sejatinya merupakan pelanggaran atas hak privasi serta mengancam hak konstitusional warga negara. Subjek Data Pribadi memiliki hak untuk dipulihkan dan menuntut ganti rugi atas kerugian yang timbul akibat kebocoran data. Namun, terdapat kesulitan dalam hal membuktikan dan menilai besaran nilai ganti rugi terutama kerugian non-materiil akibat kasus pelanggaran keamanan data pribadi ini. Indonesia sudah memiliki regulasi khusus di bidang pelindungan data pribadi melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 (UU PDP). Akan tetapi UU PDP tidak mengatur secara jelas dan teknis mengenai tata cara pengenaan ganti rugi dan upaya pemulihan tersebut. Dengan begitu, pengaturan hukum atas upaya pemulihan dan hak menuntut ganti rugi akibat kasus pelanggaran keamanan data pribadi ini dapat merujuk peraturan perundang-undangan lain seperti Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata, UU Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, dan UU Perlindungan Konsumen. Terkait implementasinya di Indonesia, peraturan pelindungan data pribadi ini masih baru berlaku sehingga belum ditemukan adanya praktik yang terjadi. Jika dibandingkan dengan di Uni Eropa dan Negara Inggris, implementasi atas pemenuhan hak ganti rugi selain dilakukan melalui gugatan perdata juga dapat dilakukan diluar pengadilan seperti melalui mediasi dan arbitrase. Selain itu, gugatan ganti rugi terhadap pengelola data yang melanggar hukum juga sering dilakukan melalui mekanisme Gugatan Kelompok. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui metode studi komparasi dengan membandingkan regulasi dan implementasi atas upaya pemulihan dan ganti rugi akibat kebocoran data pribadi di Uni Eropa dan Negara Inggris. Terhadap hasil penelitian ini, disarankan kepada Pemerintah untuk segera membentuk Peraturan Pelaksana atas UU PDP, segera membentuk Lembaga Pengawas Pelindungan Data Pribadi, serta kepada penelitian selanjutnya untuk membahas lebih tentang mekanisme gugatan secara kelompok atas kasus pelanggaran keamanan data pribadi.

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Personal data breaches in Indonesia have been rampant in recent years. As a result, there have been various damages to Personal Data Subjects, both material and non-material. The occurrence of personal data breaches that harm society is actually a violation of the right to privacy and threatens the constitutional rights of citizens. Personal Data Subjects have the right to be restored and to claim compensation for losses arising from data breaches. However, there are difficulties in proving and assessing the amount of compensation, especially non-material damages, due to this case of violation of personal data security. Indonesia already has regulations for data protection through Law Number 27 of 2022 (UU PDP). However, UU PDP does not clearly and technically regulate the procedures for imposing compensation and remedies. Thus, the legal regulation of remedies and the right to claim compensation due to cases of personal data security breaches can refer to other laws and regulations such as the Civil Code, ITE Law, and Consumer Protection Law. Regarding its implementation in Indonesia, there is no practice for the remedies and claiming compensation yet. Compared to the implementation in European Union and the United Kingdom, the execution of the right to compensation besides being carried out through civil lawsuits, can also be carried out outside the court, such as through mediation. In addition, compensation claims against data controllers who violate the law are often carried out through the Class Action mechanism. This research is conducted through a comparative study method by comparing the regulation and implementation of remedies and compensation efforts due to personal data breaches in the European Union and the United Kingdom. Based on the results of this research, it is recommended that the Government immediately form an Implementing Regulation of the PDP Law, immediately form a Personal Data Protection Supervisory Agency, and regulate in more detail the mechanism for class actions in cases of violations of personal data security"