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"The Belgian Congo (Zaire, now the Democratic Republic of the Congo), the Netherlands Indies (Indonesia), and Taiwan/Formosa (now the Republic of China) experienced policies during the 19th and early 20th century which could be termed exploitative or extractive, although some policies in these colonies could also be termed developmental. All three colonies had a troubled passage to independence, and the immediate post-independence era was marked by considerable political and economic turmoil. But the growth performance of the three former colonies has been very different. Taiwan has seen very rapid growth sustained over decades; Indonesia's economic growth since 1970 has been quite robust; the Congo has seen a growth collapse which is extraordinary even by African standards. The paper suggests some explanations for this divergence in terms of policies pursued by the Japanese, Dutch and Belgian colonial regimes, and by postindependence governments in these countries."

"Indonesia sebagai sebuah negara memiliki sejarah yang panjang dan kaya. Tanggung jawab untuk meneliti dan mendokumentasikan sejarah tersebut umumnya jatuh pada sejarawan. Namun, dengan perkembangan teknologi, cara baru untuk menyimpan data sejarah terus bermunculan. Pada skripsi ini, kami mengusulkan penggunaan knowledge graph dengan menggabungkan beberapa ontologi yang telah ada menjadi satu kesatuan ontologi yang dapat merepresentasikan sejarah Indonesia selama periode pra-kemerdekaan (Kolonialisme) hingga pasca-kemerdekaan (Orde Lama dan Orde Baru). Untuk menggunakan ontologi ini, penulis harus mencari tahu cara paling efektif dan e sien untuk menggunakan sumber data terstruktur dari Wikipedia serta melakukan perubahan menjadi triple. Penulis juga mencari tahu penggunaan graf, timeline, serta peta untuk memvisualkan data sejarah Indonesia dan mengembangkannya menjadi sebuah aplikasi baru. Ontologi yang dikembangkan telah dilakukan evaluasi dengan bantuan sejarawan, sedangkan aplikasi visualisasi yang dikembangkan telah dilakukan evaluasi dengan metode usability testing dan system usability scale. Terdapat beberapa masukan dari sisi kelengkapan dan ketercukupan ontologi serta usability dari visualisasi yang dapat terbuka bagi penelitian dan pengembangan di masa depan. Sebagai kesimpulan, ontologi dan visualisasi yang dikembangkan memiliki hasil yang cukup baik untuk dapat membantu sejarawan dalam menjadi tempat awal untuk mencari sebuah peristiwa/ak- tor/tempat sejarah, melihat keterhubungan data sejarah, serta memvisualkan data sejarah Indonesia selama periode pra-kemerdekaan hingga pasca-kemerdekaan.

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Indonesia as a nation has a long and rich history. The responsibility of researching and documenting history usually falls on historians. However, with the development of technology, new ways of storing historical data have emerged. In this paper, we propose the use of knowledge graph by merging multiple existing ontologies into one ontology that is able to represent Indonesia’s historical data from the pre-independence period (Colonialism) to the post-independence periods (Old Order and New Order). To utilize the ontology, the author in this research have to nd the most effective and ef cient way to source structured data from Wikipedia and transform them into triples. We also explore the use of graphs, timelines, and maps to visualize Indonesian historical data and develop them into a new application. The created ontology has been evaluated with the help of historians, and the visualization application is assessed through usability testing (UT) and system usability scale (SUS). There are several suggestions regarding the completeness and adequacy of the ontology as well as the usability of the visualization which can be opened up for future research and development. In conclusion, both the ontology and the visualization application are suf ciently effective to help historians as a starting point to search a historical events/actors/places, understanding the relation between historical data, also representing and visualizing Indonesian historical data during the pre-independence to the post-independence periods."