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"Inefficient energy use in buildings is both increasingly expensive and unsustainable. Indeed, the reduction of the energy consumption of existing buildings is as least as important as the design of new low-energy buildings. Controlling energy use is one thing, but it is important to assess or estimate it, and to understand the range of interventions for reducing its use and the methods for assessing the cost effectiveness of these measures. This comprehensive guide clearly and concisely covers the various issues from a theoretical standpoint and provides practical, worked examples where appropriate, along with examples of how the calculations are carried out. Topics covered include:where and how energy is used in buildings energy audits measuring and monitoring energy use techniques for reducing energy use in buildings legislative issues.It provides a template for instigating the energy management process within an organization, as well as guidance on management issues such as employee motivation, and gives practical details on how to carry it through. This book should appeal to building managers and facilities managers and also to students of energy management modules in FE and HE courses."

"Indonesia memiliki target pengurangan emisi sebesar 29% atau 835 juta ton CO2 pada tahun 2030, yang ditingkatkan menjadi 32% atau 912 juta ton CO2 pada tahun 2023. Sektor bangunan gedung merupakan salah satu penghasil emisi terbesar di Indonesia. Untuk mengurangi emisi tersebut, pemerintah Indonesia telah mengeluarkan regulasi konservasi energi yang mengharuskan setiap sektor untuk mengurangi penggunaan energi. Menurut Peraturan Pemerintah nomor 33 tahun 2023, konservasi energi wajib dilakukan oleh pengguna energi di sektor bangunan gedung yang menggunakan sumber energi setara atau lebih dari 500 Ton Oil Equivalent. Di sisi lain, kenyamanan pengguna gedung harus diperhatikan dalam konservasi energi gedung. Kenyamanan pengguna memengaruhi produktivitas dan efisiensi kerja mereka di dalam gedung. Oleh karena itu, optimalisasi sangat penting untuk menemukan nilai optimal bagi penggunaan energi listrik dan kenyamanan pengguna. Dalam penelitian ini, kami menggunakan evolution mating algorithm (EMA) untuk menemukan nilai optimal bagi penggunaan energi listrik dan kenyamanan pengguna di gedung perkantoran di negara beriklim tropis. Model matematika dari penelitian sebelumnya telah diperbarui untuk melakukan optimalisasi di negara beriklim tropis. Variabel suhu dan pencahayaan yang memengaruhi kenyamanan termal dan visual pengguna di dalam bangunan digunakan untuk mengoptimalkan penggunaan energi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan dan menganalisis nilai optimal suhu dan pencahayaan untuk menghasilkan nilai optimal penggunaan energi listrik dan kenyamanan pengguna di negara beriklim tropis. Penelitian ini membandingkan kondisi gedung perkantoran sebelum dan sesudah optimalisasi. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa kondisi setelah optimalisasi menggunakan EMA berhasil mengurangi konsumsi energi dan meningkatkan kenyamanan pengguna di dalam gedung perkantoran di negara beriklim tropis. Variabel suhu dan pencahayaan setelah optimalisasi berada pada titik optimal yaitu 23°C dan 358,6 lux, yang sesuai dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Indonesia.

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Indonesia has set a target to reduce emissions by 29% or 835 million tons of CO2 by 2030, which was increased to 32% or 912 million tons of CO2 in 2023. The building sector is one of the largest contributors to emissions in Indonesia. To reduce these emissions, the Indonesian government has issued energy conservation regulations requiring each sector to reduce energy consumption. According to Government Regulation No. 33 of 2023, energy conservation is mandatory for energy users in the building sector who use energy sources equivalent to or greater than 500 tons of oil equivalent. On the other hand, the comfort of the building's users must be considered in the energy conservation of a building. User comfort impacts their productivity and efficiency inside the building. Therefore, optimization is essential in order to find optimal values for energy use and user comfort. In this study, we used the evolution mating algorithm (EMA) to find optimal values for energy use and user comfort in office buildings in a tropical-climate country. The mathematical model from the previous research has been updated to perform optimization in tropical-climate countries. The temperature and lighting variables that will affect the thermal and visual comfort of the user inside the building are used to optimize the use of energy. The aim of this research is to determine and analyze the optimal values of temperature and lighting to generate the optimal value of energy use and user comfort in a tropical-climate country. This study compares the state of an office building before and after optimization. The results prove that conditions after optimization using EMA succeeded in reducing energy consumption and increasing user comfort inside office buildings in tropical-climate countries. The temperature and lighting variables after optimization are at the optimal point of 23 oC and 358.6 lux, which are in line with Indonesia Government Regulations."

"Penggunaan bahan bakar minyak pada lokomotif diesel akan menghasilkan emisi khususnya senyawa CO2 yang menyebabkan terjadinya pemanasan global. Salah satu moda transportasi umum di Indonesia yaitu kereta khususnya kereta antar kota saat ini masih menggunakan mesin diesel sebagai sumber energi utamanya. Untuk itu, perlu dikembangkan solusi penggunaan sumber energi bebas emisi yaitu fuel cell beserta strategi manajemen energi (EMS) untuk kereta hibrid di mana kebutuhan daya kereta dapat didistribusikan dari sistem distribusi daya lainnya seperti baterai, supercapacitor, dan jaringan suplai daya DC. Besar kebutuhan daya kereta yang akan didistribusikan dari sistem perlu diestimasi dengan mengevaluasi profil kecepatan dan geometri lintasan di sepanjang siklus perjalanan kereta. Setelah estimasi kebutuhan daya kereta dilakukan, distribusi daya dari masing-masing sistem penyimpanan energi akan diatur menggunakan algoritma strategi manajemen energi berbasis aturan dan optimasi yang kemudian akan dianalisis performanya berdasarkan perhitungan biaya yang dihasilkan. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi pada model empiris kereta hibrid mode ganda, diperoleh biaya selama siklus perjalanan kereta yaitu sebesar 18,48 € untuk strategi state machine control (SMC) dan sebesar 17,6 € untuk strategi equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS). Selain itu, dapat diketahui bahwa model electric-circuit dapat lebih menggambarkan perilaku dinamis konverter dalam meregulasi arus fuel cell dan baterai, serta tegangan DC bus.

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The use of fuel oil in diesel locomotives will produce emissions, especially CO2 compounds that cause global warming. One of the modes of public transportation in Indonesia, namely trains, especially intercity trains, currently still uses diesel engines as its main energy source. For this reason, it is necessary to develop solutions for using emission-free energy sources, namely fuel cells along with an energy management strategy (EMS) for hybrid trains where the train's power demand can be distributed from other power distribution systems such as batteries, supercapacitors, and DC power supply networks. The amount of train power required to be distributed from the system needs to be estimated by evaluating the speed profile and track geometry throughout the train cycle. After the estimation of the train's power demand is made, the power distribution of each energy storage system will be adjusted using a rule-based and optimization based energy management strategy algorithm which will then be analyzed for its performance based on the resulting cost calculations. Based on the simulation results on a empirical model of dual-mode hybrid train, the cost during the entire train cycle is 18.48 € for the state machine control (SMC) strategy and 17.6 € for the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS). In addition, it can be seen that the electric-circuit model can better describe the dynamic behavior of the converter in regulating the fuel cell and battery currents, as well as the DC bus voltage."