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"It is argued that third world countries are not yet completely free from dangers of colonialism, a 19th century-old ideology that uprooted locals from their freedom..."

"Among America's foremost Naturalists and Transcendentalists, only Emerson and Thoreau are recognized and respected as the greatest and most influential pioneers in America's environmental movement until the present. The name of John Muir has to subdue to the two names in the collective memories of contemporary Americans.This thesis argues against the above proposition and aims to present John Muir as the greatest and most influential pioneer in America's environmental movement. With his radical, consistent an intensive opposition toward the anthropocentric Transcendentalism and pro-Genesis Western (American) civilization that encourage the mastership of man over nature by means of technology, at the cost of the environment, John Muir, a preservationist offered an alternative civilization with more deep-ecological approach toward nature. Nature was considered as home, university, religion, fountain of civilization, however the most important of all it had equal right and dignity with man. Only in this way the human (America's) civilization will survive."

"Masalah penelitian ini adalah semangat kebebasan Charlie Parker sebagai inspirasi dalam pembangkangan budaya beatniks terhadap kelas menengah Amerika dalam rentang tahun 1944-1967. Landasan teori tesis ini mengacu kepada beberapa sumber kepustakaan. Tulisan-tulisan dan penelitian terdahulu mencakup subjek-subjek yang meliputi kelas menengah Amerika di dasawarsa-dasawarsa pasca Perang Dunia II, pembangkangan beatniks terhadap kelas menengah Amerika, dan kehidupan beserta karya musik Charlie Parker.Metode penelitian yang dipilih adalah metode penelitian kwalitatif berdasarkan kajian kepustakaan. Data yang diperoleh Bari beragam sumber kepustakaan tersebut disusun untuk kemudian dianalisis dalam rangka pembuktian hipotesis.Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah membuktikan hipotesis penelitian bahwa semangat kebebasan Charlie Parker merupakan inspirasi dalam pembangkangan budaya beatniks terhadap kelas menengah Amerika. Inspirasi yang diperoleh beatniks dari Charlie Parker berada dalam satu rangkaian counterculture yang menghubungkan kelompok-kelompok avant-garde di wilayah-wilayah bohemia di Amerika Serikat.

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The research problem is Charlie Parker's spirit of freedom as inspiration in beatniks counterculture against America's middle-class in 1944-1967. The theoretical basis of this thesis refer to some literature or previous research. These writings and research include subjects such as the America's middle-class in postwar America, the beatniks rebellion towards the middle class, and the life and works of Charlie Parker.

The method of research selected is qualitative research based on previous literature and research. The data collected from various sources are compiled and arranged to be analyzed in the course of proving research hypothesis.

The result of this research is a proven hypothesis that Charlie Parker's spirit of freedom was an inspiration in beatniks counterculture against America's middle-class. The inspiration lies in one strand of countercultures that connect avant-garde groups in America's bohemia."