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"Buku ini berisi mengenai alalisis tingkah laku dan pembelajaran, melalui teori dari tokoh B.F Skinner."

"ABSTRAKUsing twin methodology, we assessed late-life psychological outcomes of World War II flight combat exposure among identical-twin pilots raised, educated, and trained together but discordant for combat exposure and war imprisonment. We hypothesized that the prisoner of war (POW) survivor would exhibit psychopathology attributable, in part, to nonshared environmental events, specifically war trauma. Differences were evident in reported psychological symptoms, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory profile patterns, psychiatric diagnoses, and intellectual performances. Assigned a lifetime diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder, the former POW showed deficits in visuospatial analysis and organization, planning, impulse control, concept formation, and nonverbal memory. Results may be used to enhance understanding of measurements of stress related symptoms among robust and well-trained servicemen."

"ABSTRAKPsychological Review publishes articles that make important theoretical contributions to any area of scientific psychology."

"Firmly grounded in the principles of neuropsychology, Beyond individual differences analyzes both successful and unproductive learning in terms of the brain’s organizing processes, that is, its unconscious sifting, selecting, and meaning-making that enable students to incorporate and build on what they’ve learned in the past. At the same time, it explores the learning situations that cause organization to break down and offers several preventive strategies."

"Dunia saat ini telah memasuki era revolusi industri keempat dengan semua lini industri sudah terdigitalisasi dan terkoneksi dengan internet. Hal ini menyebabkan terjadinya disrupsi di berbagai industri salah satunya industri pendidikan yang berupa media belajar digital yang tersedia di handphone dan laptop. Sebuah penelitian menunjukkan media digital lebih digemari generasi Z, sementara generasi millennials lebih menyukai media buku cetak. Penelitian sebelumnya telah dilakukan untuk menentukan kemampuan memahami materi siswa berdasarkan media pembelajaran, tetapi penelitian ini masih subyektif berdasarkan kuesioner yang diisi oleh subjek. Salah satu penelitian adalah disertasi yang dilakukan oleh Geske pada tahun 2005 dengan judul "Perbandingan membaca di layar komputer dan media cetak pengukuran pola perhatian menggunakan EEG". Pengamatan dalam jurnal dilakukan pada tiga media, yaitu: Monitor CRT, Monitor LCD dan Cetak Buku (Cetak) pada 30 responden dengan kedua lobus otak yaitu Occipital dan Parietal diukur. Untuk lebih memperdalam penelitian, penulis menggunakan data mentah dari studi Geske untuk menganalisis upaya mental dan kemudian membandingkan dua media dari aspek perhatian yang telah dipelajari oleh Geske dan aspek upaya mental yang dianalisis oleh penulis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh hasil analisis pengaruh media pembelajaran (buku digital dan cetak) pada materi pemahaman dalam hal perhatian dan upaya mental berdasarkan data mentah EEG dari studi Geske dan memberikan rekomendasi untuk media pembelajaran terbaik. Dalam penelitian ini hanya dua media yang akan diukur, Monitor CRT dan Media Print karena kurangnya data yang tersedia. Pemberian rekomendasi pembelajaran didasarkan pada hasil analisis, dengan hasil bahwa media cetak masih lebih baik daripada digital pada aspek perhatian dan upaya mental.

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The world has now entered the era of the fourth industrial revolution in which all lines of industry have been digitalized and connected to the internet. This causes disruption in various industries one of which is the education industry in the form of digital learning media available on cellphones and laptops. Previous research has been conducted to determine the ability of understanding students' material based on learning media, but the research is still subjective based on a questionnaire filled out by the subject. One of the researches is a dissertation conducted by Geske in 2005, titled as "A comparison of reading on computer screens and print media measurements of attention patterns using EEG". Observations in the journal were carried out on three media, namely: CRT Monitor, LCD Monitor and Print Book (Print) on 30 respondents with Occipital and Parietal lobes measured. To further deepen the study, the author uses the raw data from Geske's study to analyses mental effort and then comparing the two media from the aspect of attention that has been studied by Geske and the mental effort aspect analyzed by the author. This study aims to obtain the results of an analysis of the influence of learning media (digital and printed books) on understanding material in terms of attention and mental effort based on the EEG raw data from Geske study and provide recommendations for the best learning media. In this study only two media will be measured, CRT Monitor and Media Print due to lack of available data. Provision of learning recommendations is based on the results of the analysis, with the result that printed media is still better than digital on attention and mental effort aspect."