Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Pachydermin, an oxylated tetramic acid with 3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl substituent, was isolated from Chamonixia pachydermis plant, a basidiomycete of New Zealand. Its degradation product exhibits antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, and the derivatives of pachydermin are anticipated to have similar potentials. In this work, a novel approach to synthesize 3-methyl-5-nitrobenzyl β,β-diketoester was developed as a derivative of the natural product pachydermin. The synthetic route began with the synthesis of N-benzylated β,β-diketoester as the key structural moiety, from glycine methyl ester as the starting material. subsequently, oxalyl subunit was inserted, as well as other acyl/alkyl subunits at C-3 position of the β,β-diketoester ring via acylation/alkylation reactions leading to the required intermediates towards pachydermin and its derivatives. alkene functionalities at C-5 position could then be introduced using different alkyl or aryl aldehydes, with the aid of different bases which included diisopropylamine, NaH, Et3N, K2CO3 as well as ionic liquids. insertions of methyl and 4-nitrobenzylidene functionalities at C3- and C5-positions, respectively, were highlighted for the synthesis of the target derivative. selective decarboxylation, ester hydrolysis and N-benzyl deprotection should lead to the required target compound and derivatives. all the synthesized compounds were confirmed by the mass spectroscopy (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy."

"ABSTRAKFitur suara dapat menjadi alternatif model interaksi pada perangkat tertanam yang dirancang tanpa memiliki banyak tombol kendali, seperti sistem bantu penderita buta warna yang dirancang, yang disebut Chromophore. Skripsi ini membandingkan kinerja fitur suara yang dibuat dengan SAPI5.1 dan fitur suara yang dibuat manual dengan metode penggabungan fonem dan DTW, untuk diimplementasikan pada Chromophore. Skripsi ini juga membandingkan kompatibilitas OS tertanam WinCE6 dan WES09 untuk mendukung fitur suara tersebut. Pengujian fitur suara dilakukan dengan 10 responden untuk mengenali kata-kata yang disintesis sistem dan mengucapkan kata agar dikenali sistem. Pengujian OS dilakukan dengan melihat ukuran, durasi boot, dan dukungannya terhadap aplikasi berfitur suara. Dari uji coba tersebut, diketahui bahwa fitur suara yang dibuat dengan SAPI5.1 memiliki kinerja yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan fitur suara yang dibuat manual, dengan keberhasilan sintesis suara sebesar 88,33% dan pengenalan suara sebesar 75,87% pada kondisi tenang dan 74,76% pada kondisi bising. Pengujian kedua membuktikan WES09 lebih cocok digunakan dikarenakan dukungannya pada .NET 3.5 dan SAPI5.1.

---

ABSTRACTSpeech feature can be an alternative interaction model for embedded device, which is designed without many buttons for its control, such as color-blind aid system that is designed, namely Chromophore. This paper compares performance of a speech feature created using SAPI5.1 and a speech feature created manually using phone-concatenate and DTW, to be implemented in Chromophore. This paper also compares the compatibility of embedded operating systems, WinCE6 and WES09, to support the speech feature. The testing for speech feature is done using 10 respondents to identify words synthesized by the systems and to say words to be recognized by the systems. The testing for operating systems is done by observing their size, boot time, and their support for the speech feature. As the result, speech feature created using SAPI5.1 is better than the manually-created one, with success rate 88,33% for speech synthesis, 75,87% and 74,76% for speech recognition in silent and noisy condition. The second testing shows that WES09 is more suitable because of its support for .NET 3.5 and SAPI5.1. "

"Conducting polymer as the precusor for developing porosity carbon by hypercrosslinked resin networks represent promising material for electrochemical electrodes

---

."

"Since 2004, graphene has risen in popularity owing to its superior properties. However, limits to the scale of production methods have rendered graphene a costly material. Moreover, existing production methods require chemicals that are detrimental to the environment. This study uses Coconut Coir Dust (CCD) as a carbon precursor and an intermediate product in the manufacturing of graphene. Firstly, CCD sieved into a 100 mesh was carbonized using a hydrothermal method at temperatures of 235oC, 250oC, and 265oC, for 4 hours. Following this, the resulting solid residue was pyrolyzed at 1000oC for 2 hours under the protection of nitrogen (N2). The hydrothermal solid residue was labelled CHT (hydrothermal temperature) and the pyrolysis product was named as SP (hydrothermal temperature). Both samples were characterized using SEM, XRD and EDS. In addition, Raman characterization was conducted for SP samples. At the end of the process (SP), the XRD pattern showed two broad peaks centered around 2? ~24o and 44o corresponding to a (002) and (100) graphite plane. This pattern is similar to that of reduced-graphene oxide. SEM images showed a sheet-like microstructure is caused by undegraded lignin. A perforated and corrugated sheet formed after pyrolysis, which subsequently confirms the formation of reduced-graphene oxide. Furthermore, the Raman result indicates that higher hydrothermal temperatures lead to an increasing integrated ID/IG ratio. The ratios were 1.62, 1.71 and 1.77, for SP 235, SP 250, and SP 265, respectively. Research results conclude that the carbonaceous material formed through hydrothermal and pyrolytic processes contained a mixture of an amorphous-carbon form and a graphene-like cluster. Results additionally show a similar structure with reduced-graphene oxide."

"[ABSTRAKReaktor flame synthesis merupakan hasil modifikasi reaktor pirolisis double furnace yang digunakan untuk sintesis nanokarbon dengan bahan dasar limbah kantong plastik polietilen (PE). Metode flame synthesis menggunakan gas argon sebagai carrier dan gas oksigen sebagai ko-umpan untuk menghasilkan gas prekursor pertumbuhan nanokarbon yaitu gas karbon monoksida (CO). Limbah kantong plastik PE dipirolisis pada suhu 450oC dalam 10 menit sesuai dengan uji kondisi optimum, kemudian disintesis pada suhu 800oC selama 1 jam. Nanokarbon jenis Carbon Nanotube (CNT) mendominasi hasil sintesis nanokarbon yang ditunjukan dengan karakterisasi FTIR, TEM, dan XRD dengan produksi (yield) mencapai 30%. Peningkatan laju alir gas Argon dari 100 ml/menit menjadi 200 ml/menit pada penelitian tambahan menghasilkan penurunan produksi dari nanokarbon yang terbentuk tanpa mengurangi kualitas dari nanokarbon itu sendiri. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa reaktor flame synthesis mampu menghasilkan nanokarbon (CNT) dari limbah kantong plastik polietilen (PE) dengan hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan penggunaan reaktor pirolisis single furnace maupun double furnace.

---

ABSTRACTFlame Synthesis Reactor is a result from modification of double furnace pyrolysis reactor to synthesize nanocarbon by using polyethylene plastic bag waste as the carbon source. Flame Synthesis method is using argon gas as the carrier and oxygen gas as the co-feed to produce carbon monoxide as the precursor gas in the growth of nanocarbon.The polyethylene (PE) plastic bag waste is pyrolysised at 450oC in 10 minutes as the optimum condition and then synthesized at 800oC in 1 hour. Carbon Nanotube (CNT) is one of the nanocarbon type that dominating the result of the synthesis which explained in FTIR, TEM, and XRD characterization with the roduction (yield) about 30%. The increasing of argon gas flow from 100 ml/minute to 200 ml/minute is resulting the production of nanocarbon decreased without the decreasing of the quality of nanocarbon itself. These experiment explains that polyethylene (PE) plastic bag waste can produce nanocarbon with good quality by using flame synthesis reactor better than single or double furnace pyrolysis., Flame Synthesis Reactor is a result from modification of double furnace pyrolysis reactor to synthesize nanocarbon by using polyethylene plastic bag waste as the carbon source. Flame Synthesis method is using argon gas as the carrier and oxygen gas as the co-feed to produce carbon monoxide as the precursor gas in the growth of nanocarbon.The polyethylene (PE) plastic bag waste is pyrolysised at 450oC in 10 minutes as the optimum condition and then synthesized at 800oC in 1 hour. Carbon Nanotube (CNT) is one of the nanocarbon type that dominating the result of the synthesis which explained in FTIR, TEM, and XRD characterization with the roduction (yield) about 30%. The increasing of argon gas flow from 100 ml/minute to 200 ml/minute is resulting the production of nanocarbon decreased without the decreasing of the quality of nanocarbon itself. These experiment explains that polyethylene (PE) plastic bag waste can produce nanocarbon with good quality by using flame synthesis reactor better than single or double furnace pyrolysis.]"

"Glukosa sebelumnya diproduksi dengan hidrolisis pati karena ada dalam bentuk yang berbeda relatif murni pada tanaman dan salah satu produk pertanian terbesar. Kaleng pati digunakan sebagai sumber makanan, etanol, dan pakan ternak. Namun, karena nilainya kompetitif dan pemanfaatan pati menjadi mahal. Oleh karena itu, saat ini sedang diteliti pemanfaatan selulosa. Selulosa bisa digunakan untuk membuat sirup glukosa, asam jawa organik, dan bioetanol. Serat tumbuhan alami seperti serat kapuk (Ceiba pentandran Gaertn) berpotensi tinggi sebagai sumber selulosa untuk pembuatan glukosa.Studi ini menunjukkan kondisi optimal untuk parameter hidrolisis meningkatkan hasil hidrolisis enzimatis dari enzim kasar kapang terpilih.Penelitian ini diawali dengan peremajaan garis kapang selulolitik yang diperoleh dari Koleksi Kebudayaan Universitas Indonesia (UICC), Departemen Biologi, FMIPA UI, isolasi serat kapas α-selulosa, preparasi enzim selulase kasar, dan dilanjutkan dengan mengevaluasi aktivitas selulase enzim kasar menggunakan 2 metode: metode zona bening sedang untuk CMC 1% dan metode spektrofotometri gula reduksi, dan optimalisasi kondisi hidrolisis. Persiapan enzim dan uji aktivitas Selulase kasar dilakukan pada enzim dari 3 jenis kapang, yaitu Trichoderma reesei, Fusarium oxysporum, dan Penicillium vermiculatum. Aktivitas selulolitik tertinggi di CMC 1% terhidrolisis ditunjukkan pada jamur Penicillium vermiculatum dengan akuisisi glukosa 3,8045%. α-selulosa dihasilkan dari serat kapuk dibandingkan dengan serat kapas kasar dan penggunaan Avicel PH 101 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotoscopy (FTIR). Tingkat sakarifikasi maksimum Pada konsentrasi 5% substrat α-selulosa ditemukan serat kapuk pada penambahan serat kapuk 2% konsentrasi enzim selulase kasar. PH dan suhu optimal untuk hidrolisis yang optimal berada dalam kondisi hidrolisis pH 5 dan suhu 50 ° C, selama 48 jam inkubasi, dengan peningkatan glukosa 0,4022%. Glukosa yang dihasilkan diidentifikasi menggunakan FTIR dan sifat gula pereduksi dideteksi dengan menggunakan uji rasio Fehling.

---

Glucose was previously produced by hydrolysis of starch because it exists in different forms relatively pure in plants and is one of the largest agricultural products. Starch cans are used as a source of food, ethanol and animal feed. However, due to its competitive value and use of starch it is expensive. Therefore, the use of cellulose is currently being investigated. Cellulose can be used to make glucose syrup, organic tamarind, and bioethanol. Natural plant fibers such as kapok fiber (Ceiba pentandra

Gaertn) has high potential as a source of cellulose for the manufacture of glucose. This study shows that the optimal conditions for the hydrolysis parameters increase the enzymatic hydrolysis yield of selected mold crude enzymes.

This research began with the rejuvenation of cellulolytic mold lines obtained from the Cultural Collection of the University of Indonesia (UICC), the Department of Biology, FMIPA UI, isolation of α-cellulose cotton fibers, preparation of crude cellulase enzymes, and continued by evaluating the activity of crude cellulase enzymes using 2 methods: methods. medium clear zone for CMC 1% and reduction sugar spectrophotometric method, and optimization of hydrolysis conditions. Enzyme preparation and crude cellulase activity tests were carried out on the enzymes of 3 types of fungi, namely Trichoderma reesei, Fusarium oxysporum, and Penicillium vermiculatum. The highest cellulolytic activity in hydrolyzed 1% CMC was shown in the fungus Penicillium vermiculatum with glucose acquisition of 3.8045%. α-cellulose is produced from cotton fibers compared to coarse cotton fibers and the use of Avicel PH 101 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotoscopy (FTIR). Maximum saccharification rate At a concentration of 5% of the α-cellulose substrate, kapok fibers were found in the addition of kapok fibers

2% concentration of crude cellulase enzymes. The optimal pH and temperature for optimal hydrolysis are in the hydrolysis conditions of pH 5 and a temperature of 50 ° C, for 48 hours of incubation, with an increase of 0.4022% glucose. The resulting glucose was identified using FTIR and the properties of reducing sugars were detected using the Fehling ratio test."