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"Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) has been a fundamental player in the studies of superconducting materials for many decades. This local probe technique allows for the study of the static electronic properties as well as of the low energy excitations of the electrons in the normal and the superconducting state. On that account it has also been widely applied to Fe-based superconductors from the very beginning of their discovery in February 2008. This dissertation comprises some of these very first NMR results, reflecting the unconventional nature of superconductivity and its strong link to magnetism in the investigated compounds LaO1–xFxFeAs and LiFeAs."

"Superkonduktivitas adalah fenomena yang terjadi pada beberapa material tertentu, yang mengakibatkan hilangnya hambatan listrik pada temperatur tertentu. Dengan kata lain, suatu applikasi yang menggunakan fenomena ini dapat mencapai suatu kecepatan tinggi dengan energi yang sangat rendah. Hal inilah yang menjadi daya tarik para ahli untuk mengembangkan teknologi tersebut. Pada skripsi ini, introduksi tentang sirkuit elektronik berkecepatan tinggi superkonduktif dan Rapid Single Flux quantum (RSFQ) logic family akan dibahas secara mendetail. Perangkat lunak NioPulse digunakan untuk mendesain, simulasi, optimalisasi, lay-out dan extract sirkuit RSFQ superkonduktif sirkuit, termasuk komponen utama RSFQ, logic gates RSFQ, flip flops dan DC/SFQ converter. Semua proses dari simulasi dan extraction telah dijelaskan secara mendatail.

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Superconductivity is a phenomenon occurring in some specific materials, which resulted in the loss of electrical resistance at a certain temperature. In other words, an application that uses this phenomenon could achieve a very high speed with only using a very low energy. This is the appeal to the experts to develop the technology.

In this thesis, the introduction of high-speed superconductive electronic circuits and Rapid Single Flux Quantum (RSFQ) logic family will be discussed in detail. NioPulse software used to design, simulation, optimization, lay-out and extract the circuit superconductive RSFQ circuits; including the main components RSFQ, RSFQ logic gates, flip flops and a DC/SFQ converter. All the complete process from simulation to extraction process has been described in detail."

"Superkonduktivitas merupakan fenomenologika fisika yang terjadi di suatu material yang ditandai dengan hilangnya resistivitas elektrik seiring dengan suhu lingkungan di turunkan secara ekstrim. Material yang memiliki fase superkonduktor salah satunya ditunjukkan oleh material berbasis kuprat yang mayoritas memiliki suhu kritis fase superkonduktivitas lebih tinggi dibandingkan titik leleh nitrogen cair sebagai pendingin eksternal suhu lingkungan. Material berbasis kuprat dengan suhu kritis tertinggi salah satunya terdapat pada senyawa Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O, spesifik pada material Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 dengan suhu kritis di suhu 110 K. Pengaruh pendopingan terhadap material kuprat berbasis senyawa Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O di salah satu unsur terbukti dapat mempengaruhi suhu kritis fasa superkonduktivitasnya. Dengan melakukan doping unsur Cr terhadap Cu yang bertanggung jawab atas eksisnya fasa superkonduktivitas menjadikan material Bi2Sr2Ca2(Cu1-xCrx)3O10 mengalami transisi fasa dari superkonduktor menjadi semikonduktor. Diketahui bahwa suhu transisi setelah mengalami doping Cr ditemui pada material Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu2.4Cr0.6O10 di kisaran 76.03K. Keberadaan Bi8CrO15 terlacak oleh pemetaan XRD yang diduga menjadi alasan dibalik transisi fasa dari superkonduktor menuju semikonduktor dari material Bi2Sr2Ca2(Cu1-xCrx)3O10. Kemunculan dari fasa baru Bi8CrO15 meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya doping Cr dari material Bi2Sr2Ca2(Cu1-xCrx)3O10.

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Superconductivity is a phenomenological physics phenomenon that occurs in a material characterized by the complete absence of electrical resistivity as the environmental temperature is lowered to an extreme level. Materials exhibiting superconducting phases include copper-based compounds that typically have higher critical temperatures for superconductivity compared to the boiling point of liquid nitrogen, which serves as an external coolant at ambient temperatures. One of the copper-based compound materials with the highest critical temperature is the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O compound, specifically the Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 material with a critical temperature of 110 K. The doping effect on copper-based materials such as Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O has been proven to influence the critical temperature of the superconducting phase. By doping the copper element with chromium (Cr), which is responsible for the existence of the superconducting phase, the material Bi2Sr2Ca2(Cu1-xCrx)3O10 undergoes a phase transition from superconductor to semiconductor. It is known that the transition temperature after chromium doping is found in the range of 76.03 K for the material Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu2.4Cr0.6O10. The existence of Bi8CrO15 is traced by XRD mapping which is suspected to be the reason behind the phase transition from superconductor to semiconductor from Bi2Sr2Ca2(Cu1-xCrx)3O10 material. The appearance of the new phase Bi8CrO15 increases with increasing Cr doping of the Bi2Sr2Ca2(Cu1-xCrx)3O10 material."