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"Pertumbuhan sektor industri tekstil memunculkan fenomena pencemaran limbah tekstil yang dikualifikasi sebagai limbah bahan berbahaya dan beracun limbah B3. Kondisi nyata pencemaran limbah tekstil terjadi di Jawa Barat, khususnya DAS Citarum beserta anak sungainya. Hingga saat ini masih banyak perusahaan tekstil yang belum melaksanakan kewajiban pengelolaan limbah B3. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode penelitian hukum yuridis normatif. Permasalahan yang diteliti antara lain mengenai pengaturan tanggung jawab perusahaan tekstil dalam pengelolaan limbah B3 menurut peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia, sistem pengelolaan limbah B3 di PT. Kahatex II dalam mencegah pencemaran dan/atau kerusakan lingkungan hidup, serta kebutuhan pengaturan ke depan terkait pengelolaan limbah B3 cair yang dibuang ke sumber air.Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa suatu perusahaan tektil bertanggung jawab untuk melaksanakan kewajiban dan tidak melakukan larangan yang diatur dalam izin pengelolaan limbah B3 maupun peraturan perundang-undangan terkait pengelolaan limbah B3. Selanjutnya PT. Kahatex II sebagai penanggungjawab usaha dan/kegiatan telah memenuhi tanggung jawab pengelolaan limbah B3 yang dibebankan terhadapnya. Kemudian terdapat kebutuhan pengaturan ke depan terkait pengelolaan limbah B3 cair perusahaan tekstil seperti pengaturan lebih lanjut mengenai kewajiban pengurangan limbah B3 dan sanksinya, standar kepekatan warna atau kekeruhan air limbah, penetapan baku mutu air sungai serta daya tampung beban pencemaran sumber air.

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The growth of companies in textile industry raises the phenomenon of environmental pollution by textile waste pollution that is qualified as waste of hazardous and toxic materials waste of B3. The actual condition of environmental pollution by textile waste happened in Citarum River Basin and Citarum tributaries. Until now some of textile companies still throw out textile waste to the river without processing on installation of waste water treatment. The research method of this thesis is normative and juridical research. This thesis will examining the regulation in Indonesia about liability of textile industry in waste management of hazardous and toxic materials, the waste management system in PT. Kahatex II and future regulation that related to waste management of liquid hazardous and toxic materials.This research concludes that a textile company has some responsibility to fulfill its obligations on secure license from the authority and any regulation that related to waste management of hazardous and toxic materials. Furthermore, PT. Kahatex II has fulfilled the responsibilities on waste management of hazardous and toxic materials. Through this research, Indonesia need develop the regulations for the waste management of liquid waste from textile company such as regulation about penalty for disobeying the obligation to reduction waste of B3, color standard of water waste from textile company, quality standard of water and carrying capability of the river."

"Commercial-industrial cleaning, by pressure-washing, hydro-blasting and UHP-jetting is the first proprietary manual for cleaning and rehabilitation through pressure-washing, hydro-blasting and ultra high pressure water jetting (UHP). It examines the cleaning, restoration and rehabilitation of statuary and historical structures; manufacturing hardware; and application technologies for residential, commercial and industrial areas, structures and buildings. Commercial-Industrial Cleaning, by Pressure-Washing, Hydro-Blasting and UHP-Jetting contains over 450 applications from agricultural, marine, municipal, food processing, paper-pulp, pharmaceutical and cosmetic, industrial and power generating maintenance areas. It includes gear lists to help readers easily identify the appropriate tooling and equipment for each specific application and industry."

"Limbah pewarna Remazol Brilliant Blue merupakan salah satu limbah cair yang dihasilkan dari industri tekstil dan berbahaya bagi lingkungan. Metode Contact Glow Discharge Electrolysis CGDE merupakan metode yang efektif untuk mendegradasi limbah pewarna dengan memproduksi radikal bull-OH yang akan digunakan dalam proses degradasi limbah cair. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kedalaman anoda, suhu, dan laju alir injeksi udara terhadap produksi radikal hidroksil dan degradasi pewarna Remazol Brilliant Blue. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam reaktor batch dengan elektrolit NaCl 0,03 M. Variasi yang dilakukan berupa kedalaman anoda yaitu 0,5 cm; 2 cm; 4 cm, suhu sebesar 40oC; 50oC; 60oC, serta laju alir injeksi udara sebesar 0 lpm dan 2,5 lpm. Penelitian dilakukan dengan uji karakteristik arus tegangan, uji produksi radikal hidroksil, dan uji degradasi pewarna. Degradasi Remazol Brilliant Blue mencapai 96,15 dalam waktu 30 menit dimana tegangan 750 V, konsentrasi larutan NaCl 0,03 M, penambahan ion Fe2 40 ppm, kedalaman anoda 2 cm, suhu 50oC, dan laju alir injeksi udara 2,5 lpm. Dengan kondisi yang sama, metode ini dapat menurunkan nilai COD sebesar 93,06.

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Remazol Brilliant Blue dye waste is one of the liquid waste produced from the textile industry and harmful to the environment. Contact Glow Discharge Electrolysis CGDE method is an effective method to degrade dye waste by producing OH radicals which will be used in liquid waste degradation process. This study aims to determine the effect of anode depth, temperature, and flow rate of air injection on the production of hydroxyl radicals and dye degradation of Remazol Brilliant Blue. This research was conducted in batch reactor with electrolyte NaCl 0,03 M. Variation which done is anode depth which is 0,5 cm 2 cm 4 cm, temperature of 40oC 50oC 60oC, and air injection flow rate of 0 lpm and 2.5 lpm. The research was conducted by voltage ndash current characteristic test, hydroxyl radical production test, and dye degradation test. Remazol Brilliant Blue degradation reached 96.15 within 30 minutes where the tension was 750 V, 0.03 M NaCl solution concentration, Fe2 40 ppm, 2 cm anode depth, 50oC temperature, and 2.5 lpm air injection flow rate. Under the same conditions, this method can reduce the COD value by 93.06."

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Pentingnya air bersih lebih sering diabaikan di negara berkembang. Banyak orang memahami pentingnya air, namun orang-orang ini cenderung tidak sepenuhnya memahami pentingnya air bersih itu. Di Indonesia, ancaman akan kurangnya air bersih tiap tahunnya selalu meningkat. Berdasarkan data World Resources Institute (WRI) mengenai sumber daya air tawar yang dimiliki oleh setiap negara di dunia, Indonesia menduduki peringkat ke-51 dengan tingkat krisis level resiko tinggi (High 40-80% possibility). Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih dengan memanfaatkan air laut membutuhkan pengembangan teknologi penjernihan air atau dikenal dengan desalinasi. Saat ini Proses desalinasi saat ini memanfaatkan proses termal dan membrane untuk menjernihkan air laut. Proses ini terus dikembangkan namun belum dapat mengatasi kelemahan utama pada kedua metode tersebut. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat metode alternatif yang memanfaatkan fenomena air entrainment. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lanjutan mengenai microbubble dan kemampuannya untuk melakukan flotasi digabungkan dengan penelitian tentang atomasi fluida menjadi dasar dalam perancangan metode ini. Penelitian ini akan merekayasa air laut dengan air garam lalu dipompa melewati nozzle dengan diameter yang divariasikan sehingga menjadi kabut atau uap air. Uap air yang terbentuk kemudian akan dialirkan menuju alat air entrainment akan dikondensasikan oleh microbubble. Beberapa variasi parameter penelitian ini adalah diameter nozzle, jumlah nozzle, nozzle orifice dan tekanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diameter nozzle mempengaruhi debit alitan dan karakteristik semprotan air.

 

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The importance of clean water is often overlooked in developing countries. Many people understand the importance of water, but these people tend not to fully understand the importance of clean water. In Indonesia, the threat of a lack of clean water is increasing every year. Based on data from the World Resources Institute (WRI) regarding freshwater resources owned by every country in the world, Indonesia is in the 51st position with a high level of crisis level of risk (High 40-80% possibility). To meet the need for clean water by utilizing sea water requires the development of water purification technology, known as desalination. Currently, the current desalination process utilizes thermal and membrane processes to purify seawater. This process continues to be developed but has not been able to overcome the major weaknesses of the two methods. Therefore, this study aims to create an alternative method that utilizes the water entrainment phenomenon. This research is a follow-up study on microbubble and its ability to perform flotation combined with research on fluid atomation as the basis for designing this method. This research will engineer seawater with salt water and then pump it through a nozzle with varying diameters so that it becomes mist or water vapor. The water vapor that is formed will then flow into the water entrainment device to be condensed by microbubble. Some variations in the parameters of this research are nozzle diameter, number of nozzles, nozzle orifice and pressure. The results showed that the nozzle diameter affected the flow rate and the characteristics of the water spray.

 

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"Pewarna rambut alami menjadi pilihan untuk memperbaiki penampilan rambut karena tidak berbahaya dan tidak menimbulkan alergi. Salah satu pewarna alami yang digunakan adalah pacar kuku. Penggunaan pacar kuku sering dicampur dengan air seduhan teh hitam untuk meningkatkan intensitas warna yang dihasilkannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui stabilitas fisik dan efektivitas pewarnaan dari krim yang mengandung ekstrak pacar kuku dan ekstrak teh hitam. Dalam penelitian ini dibuat lima formulasi krim pewarna rambut yang masing-masing mengandung ekstrak pacar kuku 4%, ekstrak teh hitam 2% dan campuran kedua ekstrak yaitu pacar kuku 4% dengan teh hitam dengan variasi konsentrasi 0,5%, 1%, dan 2%. Uji stabilitas krim dilakukan dengan pengamatan hasil cycling test, uji mekanik, dan penyimpanan pada suhu rendah (5°C±2°C), suhu kamar (27°C±2°C) dan suhu tinggi (40°C±2°C). Uji efektivitas pewarnaan antara lain intensitas warna dengan alat chromameter Minolta CR-300 dan ketahanan warna dengan penyimpanan di ruangan, penyinaran di bawah sinar matahari dan pencucian dengan sampo. Setiap formula menunjukkan kestabilan fisik selama 8 minggu, namun terjadi perubahan warna krim karena krim teroksidasi pada penyimpanan suhu kamar dan suhu tinggi. Formula campuran ekstrak pacar kuku 4% dan teh hitam dengan variasi konsentrasi 0,5%,1% dan 1% menghasilkan intensitas warna yang lebih kuat daripada formula ekstrak pacar kuku 4% . Setiap formula menghasilkan ketahanan warna selama 30 hari.

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Natural hair colorants become the choice to improve hair performance because it is not harmful and non allergic. One of them is henna. Based on experience, the use of henna often mix with black tea for increasing the colour intensity from henna. The aim of this experiment is to know physical stability and coloring effectivity of combination of henna and black tea extract cream. In this experiment, five formulation were made: cream with 4% henna extract; cream with 2% black tea extract, cream with 4% henna extract combined with 0,5%, 1% and 2% of black tea extract.

The stability of cream formulations were tested by cycling test, centrifugal tested, and stored in low (4°C±2°C), room, and high (4°C±2°C) temperatures. The coloring effectivity in case of colour intensity was measured by chromameter Minolta CR-300 and in case of colour tenacity, the coloured hair was tested with three treatments : stored in room, sunlight exposed and shampoo washing. Each formulation shows the physical stability in 8 weeks, but changes in colour because of oxidation when stored in room and high temperatures. The combination of 4% henna extract with 0,5%, 1% and 1% black tea extract give the stronger colour intensity than 4% henna. Each formulation gives the colour tenacity in 30 days."

"This book offers interesting insight into initial works carried out to demonstrate the potential use of bacterial pigment as colorant for various applications."