Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"This timely revision provides an up-to-date collection of the research on crime prevention. The prevailing approaches and strategies are organized into categories of primary prevention (designed to prevent conditions that foster deviance), secondary prevention (directed toward persons or conditions with a high potential for deviance), and tertiary prevention (dealing with those who have already committed offenses). The effects of physical environments, the mass media, displacement and diffusion, electronic monitoring, and home confinement are also explored. In addition to presenting a discussion of the different prevention approaches, the author provides insight into the effectiveness of each approach. Features: a new chapter on developmental crime prevention focuses on the early life experiences that predispose individuals to commit deviant acts and using risk factors in predicting behaviour for secondary prevention; new attention is brought to situational prevention, partnerships for crime prevention, the politics of prevention strategies, and the tangential topic of organizing dysfunctional neighbourhoods; and all chapters now include updated tables that indicate the state of the evidence as well as key terms, learning objectives, web references, and a helpful glossary."

"Sistem penghantaran obat transdermal adalah suatu sistem yang menghantarkan obat melalui kulit dengan tujuan mencapai sirkulasi sistemik. Sediaan transdermal membutuhkan eksipien yang dapat mengontrol pelepasan obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan eksipien CL6-Ko-A-XG 1:2 sebagai matriks hidrogel transdermal bagi obat natrium diklofenak dan mengevaluasi sediaan hidrogel dengan melakukan uji penetrasi secara in vitro dan in vivo. Uji penetrasi in vitro dilakukan dengan melewatkan obat pada membran kulit tikus menggunakan alat sel difusi franz. Analisis kadar obat dilakukan dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Sementara uji penetrasi in vivo dilakukan dengan mengaplikasikan hidrogel pada kulit abdomen tikus jantan galur Sprague-Dawley dengan berat ± 200 gram. Analisis kadar obat dalam darah dilakukan dengan menggunakan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil uji penetrasi in vitro selama 12 jam didapatkan nilai fluks pada kondisi tunak yaitu 867,42 ± 101,27 μg.cm-2.jam-1 dan jumlah kumulatif natrium diklofenak terpenetrasi yaitu 10437,7 ± 1390,1 μg.cm-2 . Sementara hasil uji in vivo menunjukkan bahwa nilai area di bawah kurva (AUC) yaitu 6,20 ± 2,90 μg.ml-1.jam-1 dengan waktu rata-rata tinggal obat atau mean residence time (MRT) sebesar 4,82 jam ± 1,81. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, eksipien CL6-Ko-A-XG 1:2 berpotensi digunakan sebagai matriks hidrogel untuk penghantaran obat secara transdermal.

---

Transdermal drug delivery system is a system that delivers drug through the skin to systemic circulation. The transdermal forumaltions need an excipient that control drug release. The purpose of this study was to utilize CL6-Co-A-XG 1: 2 excipients as a matrix for transdermal hydrogel containing diclofenac sodium and evaluate in vitro and in vivo drug penetration. In vitro penetration test was performed by passing the drug on rat skin membrane using a Franz diffusion cell and drug concentration was measured by using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Furthermore, in vivo penetration was performed by applying the hydrogel on abdominal skin of male Sprague-Dawley rats. In vivo plasma concentration of drug was determined by using high performance liquid chromatography. The results of in vitro penetration study showed that the flux value was 867.43 ± 101.27 μg.cm-2.hours- 1 during 12 hours and the cumulative amount of penetrated diclofenac sodium was 10437.7 ± 1390.1 μg.cm-2. Moreover, the in vivo penetration study showed that the area under curve (AUC) was 6.20 ± 2.90 μg.ml- 1.hour-1 and the mean residence time (MRT) was 4.82 ± 1.81 hour. According to the results, CL6-Co-A-XG excipient 1:2 could be potentially used as a hydrogel matrix for transdermal drug delivery."

"Improving the Quality of child custody evaluations raises significant questions of accuracy, reliability, and validity in the way even the best-intentioned evaluations are conducted, and proposes standardized guidelines for correction. Identifying conceptual as well as empirical shortcomings in the evaluation process, the authors analyze the current state of custody evaluation protocols and the welter of laws surrounding the concept of the best interests of the child. An empirically-based framework, the egregious/promotive factors model, is presented as a reliable alternative, supported by rigorous assessment tools and backed by the results of a pilot study of the model among family court judges. Throughout, the book never loses sight of the optimum end result : a reliable foundation for children’s future well-being. "

"Measuring the impact of learning continues to be one of the most challenging aspects of the learning function. ASTDs Value of Evaluation report explores the complex issue of learning evaluation, the techniques being used, barriers to effective implementation, and strategic use of learning metrics..Companies employ myriad strategies to identify and quantify the results of training, but most are not satisfied with the evaluation efforts. Organizations are not giving up on successful measurement of the learning function, as they continue to explore ways to communicate and document the value of training and development they provide to employees. The data in this report can help many firms become more proficient in these areas."