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"Contents :- Thermal residual stress relaxation and distortion in surface enhanced gasturbine engine components - Development of machining procedures to minimize distortion during manufacture - Control of distortion by quenching in fluidised beds - Optimization of single part quenching in nozzle fields - Hardening of steel parts using wave technology - Continuous vacuum carburizing furnace with 20 bar high-pressure gas quenching - New carburizing techniques using fluidized bed furnaces - The experience at dana corporation, spicer transmission division - Progress in the application of high pressure gas quenching - Atmosphere control system to achieve consistent carburizing in batch furnaces - MSSR (Military Specification and Standards Reform) how does it affect your operation? - Advanced radiant tubes: payback calculations of furnace retrofits - Cost justification in the selection of heat resistant alloys - Principles of airlessTM solvent degreasing - Principles and use of dissociated ammonia - Principles and use of endothermic atmosphere - Supervisory control systems for vacuum furnaces - Supervisory and process control to enhance batch vacuum processing - Brite heat treating in a fluidized bed - Heat treating in fluidized bed furnaces in cutting tool manufacturing treaters - Gas-fired ion nitriding furnace lowers utility costs for commercial heat treaters - Techniques for distortion control during vacuum oil quenching of high strength steel aircraft components...."

"Provides the latest knowledge and information on scientific advances, techniques, innovations, and commercial practice in heat treating.Sixty-six papers from the November 2001 conference in Indianapolis represent the current status of heat treatment technology. Particular attention is given to atmospheric research, brazing technology, equipment design and energy minimization, microstructure evolution, induction process technologies, etc."

"This book will describe the nuclear encoded genes and their expressed proteins of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Most of these genes occur in eukaryotic cells, but not in bacteria or archaea."

"Contents :- Fifteenth International Conference on Surface Modification Technologies Indianapolis, Indiana November 5-8, 2001 - Foreword - Technical Sessions - The PROTAL Process: An Economical Alternative for Producing a Clean Interface in a Thermal Spraying Application - Application of In-Process Reaction to the Fabrication of MgAl2O2/Al-Si Composite Coating by HVOF Spraying - Finite Element Modeling of Coating Architectures for Aluminum Die Casting - Synthesis of Superlow Friction Carbon Films from Hydrogen Rich Acetylene Plasmas - Use of Advanced Soft-Metal Engineered Surfaces to Control Galling of Carbon Steel Bolts in Gasketed Joints at Elevated Temperatures - Fabrication and Characterization of TiB2/TiC and Tungsten Co-Sputtered Wear Resistant Coatings - Structure and Mechanical Properties of Magnetron Sputtered Coatings in the Ni- Al-N Ternary System - Correlation of Nitrogen Gas Processing Level to Structural and Tribological Properties of MoS2/Ti/N Solid Lubricated Coatings - Analysis of Composite Surfaces with the Atomic Force Microscope: A Problem Solving Approach - Characterization of Industrial Coatings with Atomic Force Microscopy - Study by Atomic Force Microscopy: Effect of the Doping Anion on the Surface Morphology of Polypyrrole Films - Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): Complementary Techniques for High Resolution Surface Investigations - Electrodeposition of Polypyrrole on Aluminum Alloy - New Technology in Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) for Faster Scanning Speeds and Shorter Time-to-Result - Formation of Bilayer Polypyrrole-Polyaniline Composite Coating for Corrosion Protection of Steel - Corrosion Protection of Al 2024-T3 by Particulate Filled Conducting Polymer Coatings - Experimental Determination of Interactions Between Molten Aluminum and Selected Die Coatings for Aluminum Pressure Die Casting - Laser Peening: Current Status and Future Outlook - Iron Aluminide Based Coating Deposited by High Energy Density Processes - Interfacial Adhesion of Laser Clad Functionally Graded Materials - Stability and Oxidation Resistance of Novel Metallic Fibers - Controlled Superficial Cracking of the Substrate to Enhance Adhesion of Plasma Sprayed Coatings - Residual Stresses in MoN and Mo2N Coatings Deposited by Arc PVD on High Speed Steel Substrate - A Study of Grain Boundary Precipitation During Plasma Nitriding of Steel - Overview of Alternative Technologies for Chromium and Cadmium - Role of Electroplated Chromium on the Corrosion Resistance of Decorative Thin Film Coatings - Eco-Friendly Chromium and Cadmium Dry Plating - Evaluation of Aluminum-Manganese as a Cadmium Replacement - Zinc-Tin: A Versatile Alternative to Cadmium for Brush Plating Applications - Hardening of Metallic Surfaces by Diffusion Processes (with and without Reaction) - Vitroceramic Oxidic Systems as Coatings on Pure Titanium (Biomedical Substrates) - Modification of Oxide Thermal Barrier Coatings Deposited on a Superalloy by Laser-Beam Radiation - Subject Index - Author Index "

"Latar Belakang: Terlepas dari kemajuan perawatan perinatal, preeklampsia masih menjadi penyebab utama mortalitas dan morbiditas ibu dan janin di dunia. Namun, etiologi utama dan patofisiologi preeklampsia tetap diperdebatkan. Asosiasi antara preeklampsia dengan stres oksidatif tidak diragukan lagi. Hal ini telah dibuktikan dengan banyaknya publikasi yang mengukur biomarker ROS dan enzim antioksidan yang ditemukan pada plasenta dan sirkulasi darah ibu. Studi tersebut menunjukkan bukti biologis produksi berlebihan spesies oksigen reaktif sebagai konsekuensi kapasitas pertahanan antioksidan radikal bebas yang tidak memadai. Katalase adalah salah satu enzim antioksidan yang bekerja secara efisien untuk melawan spesies oksigen reaktif. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji apakah terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dari tingkat aktivitas enzim katalase pada jaringan plasenta manusia pada kehamilan normal, Early Preeclampsia and Late Preeclampsia. Metode : Rancangan penelitian ini adalah penelitian cross sectional-observational untuk mengetahui tingkat rata-rata aktivitas spesifik enzim katalase yang berperan sebagai antioksidan pada plasenta baik pada kehamilan normal maupun preeklampsia. Aktivitas katalase spesifik diukur dengan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri dan kemudian dibagi dengan tingkat protein. Kegiatan kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis untuk menguji normalitas. Selanjutnya data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji post hoc (Mann-Whitney). Hasil : Secara statistic, ditemuka perbedaan yang signifikan antara aktivitas spesifik enzim katalase pada jaringan plasenta late-preeclampsia dibandingkan dengan kehamilan normal. Pola ini tidak terdeteksi dalam plasenta kehamilan normal ketika dibandingkan dengan early preeclampsia, atau pada preeklamsia dini dibandingkan preeklamsia akhir. Diskusi : Ada korelasi antara stres oksidatif dan penurunan aktivitas spesifik katalase pada preeklampsia dibandingkan dengan jaringan plasenta kehamilan normal. Penurunan aktivitas spesifik enzim katalase pada kelompok preeklamsia mungkin disebabkan oleh perubahan protein akibat stres oksidatif. Oleh karena itu, enzim katalase tidak dapat bekerja dengan baik. Kesimpulan : Ketidakseimbangan antara stres oksidatif dan aktivitas katalase, dimana ini dibuktikan oleh penurunan aktivitas spesifik katalase pada preeklampsia dibandingkan dengan jaringan plasenta kehamilan normal mungkin merupakan faktor kunci terjadinya preeklamsia.

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Background : Despite the advance progress of perinatal care, preeclampsia still remains as a major cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity in the world. However, the main etiology and pathophysiology of preeclampsia remains debatable. The association of preeclampsia with oxidative stress is established beyond doubt. This has been proven by many publications which measure the biomarkers of ROS and antioxidant enzymes found in the placenta and maternal blood circulation. The study showing biological evidence of excessive production of reactive oxygen species as a consequence of inadequate capacity of antioxidant defense mechanism. Catalase is one of antioxidant enzymes which work efficiently combating reactive oxygen species.

Purpose : This present study is aimed to examine whether there is significant difference of the specific catalase activity in the human placental tissue of normal pregnancy, early preeclampsia and late preeclampsia.

Methods : The design of this research is cross sectional-observational study to determine the average level of specific activity of catalase enzyme which act as antioxidant in the placenta of both normal pregnancy and preeclampsia. The specific activity of catalase was measured by using spectrophotometry method and then divided with protein level. The activity then analyzed by using Kruskal-Wallis test to examine the normality. Furthermore, the data was analyzed by using post hoc (Mann-Whitney) test.

Results : The specific activity of catalase enzyme was found to be statistically significant difference between the placental tissue of late preeclampsia compared to normal pregnancy. This pattern was not detected in catalase specific activity of normal pregnancy versus early preeclampsia, nor in early preeclampsia versus late preeclampsia.

Discussion : There is correlation between oxidative stress and decreased specific activity of catalase in the preeclampsia compared to the normal pregnancy placental tissue. The decreased specific activity of catalase enzyme in preeclampsia groups may due to protein alteration by oxidative stress. Hence, the catalase enzyme cannot work properly.

Conclusion : Imbalanced between oxidative stress and catalase specific activity which has proven by the decreased in the preeclampsia compared to the normal pregnancy placental tissue may be the key factor in the occurrence of preeclampsia."

"Contents :- A Heat Treatment Information Tool for the Internet - Proper Selection of Annealing Atmospheres for Electrical Steels - An Introduction to Atmosphere Furnace Safety - Temperature Influence on the Flammability Limits of Heat Treating Atmospheres - Furnace Control Systems and Components to Improve Throughput and Reduce Cost - Process Characterization of Furnace Brazing Through Statistically Designed Computer Simulations* - New Method of Heat Treatment Using the Wave Technology - State of the Art Integrated Heat Treatment Cell for Today's Manufacturing Environment - Why Use Composite Radiant Tubes? - The Heat Treating Global Challenge Heat Treatment Technology Today and for Future - The Top Ten Ways To Keep Your New or Used Carburizing and Hardening Equipment Operating at Maximum Performance and Efficiency - Determining and Improving the Uncertainty of Rockwell Hardness Tests - A new method of reducing NOx emissions from Heat Treatment Furnaces - Taking Control of Your Combustion System - 22ND ASM Heat Treat Conference 2003 George Pfaffmann Honorary Symposium: Induction Heat Treating, What Is Important to Remember - Chemistry of Quenching Part 3– Energy Conservation By Utilization of the Thermal Content of Steel for Surface Modification - Induction as a Source of Heat - Finite Element Analysis of Induction Hardening Process of Steel - Using Numerical Simulations to Determine the Effect of External Fluid Flow on Heat Transfer Rates in Heat Treating Operations - Process Monitoring to Reduce/Eliminate Destructive Testing in Induction Heat Treating. - A Computer Aided Heat Treatment Planning System - Optimization of an Aluminum Alloy Quenching Process in Polyalkylene Glycol Polymer Solution using Taguchi Method - Chemistry of Quenching Part I – Fundamental Interfacial Chemical Processes Involved in Quenching - Critical Heat-Flux Densities, Quenching Intensity and Heat Extraction Dynamics During Quenching in Vaporizable Liquids - Chemistry of Quenching Part 2– Fundamental Thermophysical Processes Involved in Quenching - Application of Intensive Quenching Processes for Carburized Parts - Quench Rate Effects on the Natural Aging Behavior of 7XXX Al-Mg-Zn-Cu Aluminum Alloys - The QuenchMiner™ Expert System for Quenching and Distortion Control - Effect of Quenching Variables on Distortion and Residual Stresses - Influence of Test Conditions on the Cooling Curve Response of Polymer Quenchants (Tensi Agitation Device) - The Effects of Carbon Profile and Quenching Condition on Dimensional Change of Carburized Steel Rings - Advances in Quenching- A Discussion of Present and Future Technologies - Low Pressure Vacuum Carburizing and Accelerated Gas Carburizing - Thermochemical Treatments with Added Corrosion Protection and Wear Protection - Kolsterising – Improving Austenitic Stainless Steel - Status of Chromate Metal Pretreatment Replacement Research at the University of Cincinnati - Nitreg & ONC Where Corrosion Resistance & Wear Requirements Finally Meet - Applications of Vacuum Tempering - Diamond Coated Cutting Tools for Biomedical Applications - FineCarb - the Smart System for Vacuum Carburizing - Laser Micromachining of Stainless Steels for Biomedical Applications - Improved Corrosion Protection of Aluminum Alloys by Electrodeposited Silanes - Atomic Force Microscopy Study of Biaxially-Oriented Polypropylene Films - Characterization of a Chromium-Manganese(16CrMn5)Steel Carburized and Hardened in Different Quenchants - Corrosion Resistance Properties of Ormosil Coatings on 2024-T3 Aluminum - Mechanical Properties of Electroformed Nickel Cobalt Alloys - Utilisation of Fly Ash to Develop Hot Corrosion and Wear Resistant Coatings - Effect of Superficially applied Oxides on the Hot Corrosion behaviour of Feand Ni- base Superalloys in Na2SO4-60%V2O5 - Electrochemical Planarization of Patterned Copper Films for Microelectronic Applications - Environmentally Assisted Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Testing with Corrosion Prevention Compounds - Corrosion Resistant Films from Trivalent Chrome Based Solutions Applied to Electrodeposited Zinc and Zinc Alloys. - Electrodeposition and structural investigation of Antimony Telluride phases - Novel, Water-Based High-Performance Primers that can Replace Metal Pretreatments and Chromate-Containing Primers - Infrared Heat Treatment of Ti-6Al-4V with Electroplated Cu - Preparation of Cu Coatings on the Surface of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene- Styrene (ABS) by Sputter Deposition and Electroless Plating - Plasma Alloying and Spheroidization "

"This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Intelligence Computation and Applications, ISICA 2012, held in Wuhan, China, in October 2012. The 72 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on artificial life, adaptive behavior, agents, and ant colony optimization, combinatorial and numerical optimization, communications and computer networks, data mining, evolutionary multi-objective and dynamic optimization, intelligent computation, intelligent learning systems, neural networks, and real-world applications."