Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Innate and adaptive immunity play important roles in immunosurveillance and tumor destruction. This book discusses recent progress in innate immunity and Treg cells, and the regulation of innate immunity through Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling."

"ABSTRACTAterosklerosis adalah pengerasan plak pada arteri akibat akumulasi kolesterol dan sisa sisa metabolisme dalam pembuluh darah. Penyakit kardiovaskular dapat dikurangi dengan meningkatkan sistem imun dan metabolisme tubuh. Namun, beberapa penggunaan obat farmasi untuk menurunkan kolesterol dapat memberikan efek samping yang membahayakan tubuh manusia. Tersedia 3 jenis tumbuhan, yaitu daun tanjung Mimusops elengi L., daun belimbing Averrhoa carambola L., dan temulawak Curcuma xanthorrhiza L., yang jika digabung secara empirik berfungsi sebagai jamu serbaguna. Beberapa hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa daun tanjung mempunyai keaktifan sebagai antioksidan, anti kolesterol, dan anti platelet, sedangkan daun belimbing sebagai antihiperglikemik, serta temulawak berperan sebagai hepatoprotektor. Jamu antiaterosklerosis yang memiliki beberapa khasiat akan diinduksikan dalam tikus secara in vivo dan diteliti profil darah dalam tinjauan hematologi sel darah merah, putih, eritrosit, hemoglobin, dll dan differensiasi leukosit netrofil, limfosit, eosinophil dan monosit, kemudian akan dilihat aktifitas imunomodulator dalam pencegahan pembentukan plak aterosklerosis. 3 macam dosis jamu diberikan dengan ukuran 2,7 ml/200 g BB, 3,6 ml/200 g BB, dan 4,5 ml/200 g BB serta control positif dan control normal sebagai pembanding. Konsentrasi leukosit tertinggi 11,75x10^3/ L, eritrosit tertinggi 7,95x10^3/ L, dan hemoglobin tertinggi 15,65 g/dL diperoleh oleh dosis 2 3,6 ml/200 g BB.

---

ABSTRACTAtherosclerosis is hardening of plaque in the arteries due to cholesterol accumulation and residual metabolic waste in the blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease can be reduced by increasing the immune system and metabolism. However, some use of pharmaceutical drugs to lower cholesterol can provide side effects that harm the human body. There are 3 types of plants, namely leaf tanjung Mimusops elengi L., leaf belimbing Averrhoa carambola L., and temulawak Curcuma xanthorrhiza L., which when combined empirically function as a versatile herb. Some research results prove that the leaf has a liveliness as an antioxidant, anti cholesterol, and anti platelet, while the leaf starch as antihiperglikemik, and temulawak role as a hepatoprotektor. Antiatherosclerotic herbs that have several properties will be induced in mice in vivo and examined blood profiles in hematologic reviews red, white, erythrocyte, hemoglobin, etc. and leukocyte differentiation neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils and monocytes immunomodulator in the prevention of atherosclerosis plaque formation. 3 kinds of dosage of herbal medicine given with size 2,7 ml 200 g of bodyweigth, 3,6 ml 200 g of bodyweigth, and 4.5 ml 200 g of bodyweigth and positive control and normal control as comparison. The highest leukocyte concentrations 11,75x10 3 L, the highest erythrocytes 7,95x10 3 L, and the highest hemoglobin 15,65 g dL were obtained by dose 2 3,6 ml 200 g of bodyweight."

"World Health Organization (WHO) menyebutkan penyakit Coronavirus (Covid-19) adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh virus SARS-CoV-2. Daun sambung nyawa (Gynura procumbens L.) merupakan tanaman obat yang telah terbukti memiliki aktivitas antioksidan tinggi yang memiliki kemampuan untuk menghindari radikal bebas dan konstituen fenolik utamanya telah diidentifikasi yaitu asam p-hidroksinamat, asam p-hidroksibenzoat, dan kuersetin. Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh suhu, pelarut, dan waktu ekstraksi daun sambung nyawa terhadap kadar senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid, memperoleh besaran interaksi zat aktif esktrak daun sambung nyawa dengan protein yang mempengaruhi sistem imun, serta memperoleh dosis esktrak terbaik pada setiap konsumsinya. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah metode maserasi kinetik dengan memvariasikan pelarut, waktu, dan suhu. Penentuan kadar senyawa dilakukan menggunakan metode Folin-Ciocalteu untuk senyawa fenolik dan alumunium klorida untuk senyawa flavonoid. Kandungan fenolik dan flavonoid tertinggi diperoleh menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%  pada suhu 40oC selama 30 menit sebesar 0,855 mg GAE/mL dan 0.507 mG QE/mL. Selanjutnya, pada uji in silico memperlihatkan hasil interaksi inhibisi zat aktif daun sambung nyawa (Gallic Acid dan Etil-p-metoksisinamat (EPMS)) terhadap protein target (IL-1, TNF- , dan IL-6) yang mempengaruhi sistem imun. Berdasarkan penelitian molecular docking, didapatkan hasil berupa interaksi inhibisi zat aktif daun sambung nyawa dan obat standar (Imboost) terhadap protein menggunakan program Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) 2014.09. Bukti interaksi yang didapatkan akan berupa energi ikatan bebas dan kosntanta inhibisi yang kemudian akan digunakan pada pemodelan reaksi enzimatik inhibisi kompeittif. Pada pemodelan ini, didapatkan perkiraan efektivitas daun sambung nyawa pada setiap konsumsinya.

---

World Health Organization (WHO) stated that Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Longevity spinach leaf (Gynura procumbens L.) is a medicinal plant that has been shown to have high antioxidant activity which has the ability to scavenge free radicals and its main phenolic constituents have been identified, namely p-hydroxynamic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and quercetin. This study examines the effect of temperature, solvent, and extraction time of longevity spinach leaves on the levels of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, obtaining the magnitude of the interaction of the active substances of longevity spinach leaf extract with proteins that affect the immune system, and obtaining the best dose of protein inhibition. The extraction method used is the kinetic maceration method by varying the solvent, time, and temperature. Determining the levels of compounds was carried out using the Folin-Ciocalteu method for phenolic compounds and chloride chloride for flavonoid compounds. The highest phenolic and flavonoid content was obtained using 96% ethanol solvent at a temperature of 40oC for 30 minutes for 0,855 mg GAE/mL and 0,507 mG QE/mL.  Furthermore, in the in silico test the results of the inhibition of life-sustaining active substances (Gallic Acids and Ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate) interacting with target proteins (IL-1, TNF- , dan IL-6) that affect the immune system. Based on molecular docking research, the results obtained the interaction of the active substances of longevity spinach leaf on protein using the Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) 2014.09 program. The evidence of the interaction obtained is free energy bond and inhibition constants which will then be used in non-competitive inhibitory enzymatic reactions modeling. In this modeling, we estimate the effectiveness of herbal medicine for each consumption."

"This special issue on Notch regulation of the immune system summarizes recent advances and covers multiple aspects of Notch signaling within the hematopoietic and the immune system. This issue covers subjects including Notch function in embryonic and adult hematopoietic stem cells, lymphocyte development and function as well as in T cell leukemia."

"This volume highlights the mechanisms leading to immune privilege in tissues and organs, the deviation of immune responses and the modification of the behavior of the immune cells that manage to cross the blood barriers of tissues, in the context of infection."

"The studies described in this volume serve as a starting point to familiarize one self with the multifarious differences in epigenetic designs that orchestrate the progression of developing blood cells. They also may serve as a general paradigm for the mechanisms that underpin the control of eukaryotic gene expression. "

"ABSTRAKLimfosit darah tepi dari 5 penderita Juvenile Periodontitis /JP, 27 penderita Rapidly Progressive Periodontitis /RPP, dan 10 individu dengan jaringan periodonsium sehat diteliti menggunakan antibodi monoklonal dan flow sitometri dengan fluoresensi. Jumlah relatif dari set CD3+ (I'), CD4+ (T helper Th), CD8+ (F suppressor /Ts atau T cytotoxic /Tc), CD19+ (B), dan set CDI6+CD56+ (Natural Killer /NK) diukur, serta rasio CD4+/CD8+ (Th/Ts) dikalkulasi. Pada penderita JP ditemukan % proporsi set T (62.4 ± 6.1887 vs 69.8 ± 5.6332) dan set NK (21.4 ± 7.37 vs 12.9 ± 6.94) secara statistik berbeda bermakna dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Pada kelompok RPP % proporsi set T (61.7407 ± 9.3504 vs 69.8 ± 5.6332), sel Th (31.04 ± 7.30 vs 37.7 ± 4.92) dan NK (2030 ± 8.85 vs 12.9 ± 6.94) juga berbeda bermakna dibandingkan dengan kontrolnya. Tetapi rasio Th/Ts kedua kelompok periodontitis tersebut tidak berbeda bermakna. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa gangguan imunoregulasi dan fungsi subpopulasi limfosit penderita orang Indonesia Yang secara klinis terlihat lokal sebagai lesi JP atau RPP dapat dideteksi secara sistemik melalui darah tepinya. Selain itu karakteristik imunobiologik penyakit JP dan RPP bila diperbandingkan terhadap kelompok sehat berbeda pada proporsi sel Th-nya.

---

ABSTRACTPeripheral blood lymphocytes from 5 Juvenile Periodontitis /JP, 27 Rapidly Progressive Periodontitis /RPP patients and 10 healthy subjects were examined using a panel of monoclonal antibodies and fluorescence flow cytometry. The relative counts of CD3+ (T) cells, CD4+(T helper /Th) cells, CD8+ (T suppressor /Ts or T cytotoxic /Tc) cells, CDI9+ (B) cells, and CD16+CD56+ (Natural Killer /NK) were assessed, and the CD4+lCD8+ (Th / Ts) ratio was calculated. In the JP patients the % proportion of T cells (62.4 ± 6.1887 vs 69.8 ± 5.6332) and NK cells (21.4 ± 7.37 vs 12.9 ± 6.94) were statistically significant difference to the control group. In the RPP patients the % proportion of CD3+ cells (61.7407 ± 9.3504 vs 69.8 ± 5.6332), CD4+ cells (31.04 ± 7.30 vs 37.7 ± 4,92) and NK cells (20.7 ± 8.85 vs 12.9 ± 6.94) were also statistically significant difference to the control group. But the CD4+/CD8+ (Th/Ts) ratio was not statistically significant in both groups. These results indicate that defect of immunoregulation and subpopulation lymphocyte function of Inclonisian patients which is clinically local as JP or RPP lesions. could detected systemically in their peripheral blood. Beside that, immunobiological characteristics between JP Arid RPP diseases compared to its control group have differed in Th cells subpopulation proportion."

"Ruang lingkup dan cara penelitian: Metilprednisolon (MPL) merupakan glukokortikoid yang berperan penting dalam respon imun spesifik yaitu efek supresi terhadap sel limfosit T, sehingga digunakan untuk mencegah rejeksi pada pasta transplantasi organ. Untuk pencegahan tersebut diperlukan metilprednisolon dosis tinggi untuk jangka pemberian cukup lama yang dapat menyebabkan efek samping obat yang berat yaitu efek imimosupresi yang kuat. Obat yang diinkorporasikan ke dalam liposom terbukti dapat memberikan efek yang lebih kuat dibandingkan obat babas tetapi MPL tidak terinkorporasi dengan baik dalam liposom sehingga disintesis MPLP. Metilprednisolon palmitat (MPLP) adalah senyawa yang berhasil diinkorporasikan ke dalam liposom membentuk liposom metilprednisolon palmitat (LMPLP). Metilprednisolon palmitat diharapkan dapat menurunkan efek samping yang ditimbulkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek supresi liposom metilprednisolon palmitat terhadap proliferasi limfosit T subpopulasi CD4+ dan CDS+ yang distimulasi oleh concavalin A. Limfosit dipisahkan dari darah perifer manusia, kemudian dikultur dengan pemberian LMPLP pada konsentrasi 0,4 mM, 0,1 mM dan 0,025 mM dibandingkan MPL pada konsentrasi yang sama. Jumlah limfosit hasil kultur dihitung menggunakan kannar hitung improved Neubauer yang diwarnai dengan trypan blue 0,25 %. Selanjutnya limfosit T subpopulasi CD4+ dan CDS+ dihitung menggunakan antibodi monokional yang dilabel dengan zat warna fluorescein isothiocyanate dan phycoerythrin memakai low-cytometer.Hasil dan kesimpulan: Hasil kultur limfosit in vitro, pemberian LMPLP maupun MPL menyebabkan penurunan jumlah limfosit yang bermakna dibandingkan liposom atau kontrol RPMI, sedangkan pemberian LMPLP menunjukkan kecenderungan memberikan efek supresi terhadap proliferasi limfosit T yang lebih besar dibandingkan MPL walaupun secara statistik tidak berbeda bermakna (p > 0,05). Pemberian LMPLP maupun MPL pada konsentrasi 0,4 mM, 0,1 mM dan 0,025 mM tidak menunjukkan penurunan jumlah sel limfosit T subpopulasi CD4- maupun CD8+ yang berbeda bermakna (p > 0,05). Liposom metilprednisolon palmitat lebih menekan proliferasi sel CD84 dibandingkan CD4. Sedangkan lerhadap rasio jumlah sel limfosit T subpopulasi CD4+/CD8+ diperoleh dosis optimal pada pemberian LMPLP konsentrasi 0,1 mM.

---

Scope and methods: Methylprednisolone is a glucocorticoid which is very important in specific immune response, especially in suppression effect to T lymphocyte and it has been used to prevent the rejection of organ transplantation. For that purpose, a high dose of methyprednisolone was used and in long term therapy may have a side effect such strong immunosuppression. Drugs incorporating in liposome give more strong effect that free drugs, but methyprednisolone not good incorporating in liposome. So methylprednisolone palmitate (MPLP) was sinthetized for that purpose. Methylprednisolone palmitate was successfully incorporate in liposome as a liposome methylprednisolone palmitate (L-MPLP). Liposome methylprednisolone palmitate was expected has minimum side effect. The aim of this study is to explore to know the suppression effect of L-MPLP to the subpopulation of CD4+ and CDs+ T lymphocyte proliferation which have been stimulated by concanavalin A. Lymphocyte was isolated from human peripheral blood and cultured in L-MPLP and MPL at the dose of 0,4 mM, 0,1 mM and 0,025 mM. The number of lymphocyte was counted by improved Neubauer and stained with 0,5% tryphan blue. CD4+ and CDs subpopulation of lymphocyte was counted by monoclonal antibody labelled by fluorescein isothiocyanate and phycoerythrin using flow-cytometer.Result and summary: Lymphocyte culture in vitro after administration of L-MPLP or MPL decreased number of lymphocyte significantly compared to liposome or RPMI as control. Although the administration of MPLP showed tendency of the reduction of the presentation of more than MPL but statistically not significance (p > 0,05). The administration of L-MPLP or MPL at the dose of 0,4 mM, 0,1 mM and 0,025 mM not showed a significance decreased of CD4+ and CDs+ subpopulation of T lymphocyte. The has administration of L-MPLP or MPL was not changing CD4+ and CDs+ subpopulation T lymphocyte. Liposome methylprednisolone palmitate could be suppressed the proliferation of CDC more than CD4+ subpopulation T lymphocyte. The optimal dose of L-MPLP to decrease the ratio CD4+ and CDs+ subpopulation T lymphocyte was 0,1 mM."