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"ABSTRACTIonic liquids are considered as an ideal alternative to volatile organic solvents and chemical industries in the future, because they are non-volatile. Ionic liquids are also considered as new novel chemical agents and widely regarded as a greener alternative to many commonly used solvents. Ionic liquids have been studied for a wide range of synthetic applications and have attracted considerable interest for use as electrolytes in the areas of organic synthesis, catalysis, solar cell, fuel cells, electrodeposition and supercapacitors. However, some ionic liquids suffer from more or less somedrawbacks such as toxicity, preparation and high cost in the process for use. Most recently, three types of ionic liquids are attracted much attentions specifically traditional ionic liquid, protic ionic liquid and deep eutectic solvent, where their preparation, mechanism and limitation were differentiated. However, those liquids are having their own advantages and limitations based on applications. Traditional ionic liquid and protic ionic liquid are highly cost and toxic for applied engineering research, but they consist of micro-biphasic systems composed of ionic compounds whichhave more varieties in the applications. The deep eutectic solvent is very economic for large-scale possessing but there are only limited ionic mixtures to certain application such as electrochemistry."

"ABSTRACT

The finite element method has been applied to the study the behavior of vertically loaded single micro pile, the nine piles in a close group, the three piles in a row group in a homogeneous non linearly behavior medium, that is cohesion less soil.

Bidimensional and axis metric elements have been used in the analysis to determine the stress and the strain state in the soil around the piles and the deformation of the pile due to the grouting pressure of the micropiles.

This paper uses Mohr Coulomb model with a parameter controlling dilatancy.

The effect of grouting pressure in the soil around the member of piles group at three-diameter spacing are presented and analyzed. The efficiency of each piles and piles group at two until five spacing diameter, at 10% up to 50% deformation of pile are shown and studied. Those efficiency graphs are compared with the efficiency of driven pile group and bored pile group.

The effect of dilatancy to the deformation of pile at different grouting pressure is presented.

Using super positioned method that efficiency graph can be used for evaluating the efficiency of bigger micro piles group.

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