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"Quarks are the main constituents of protons and neutrons and hence are important building blocks of all the matter that surrounds us. However, quarks have the intriguing property that they never appear as isolated single particles but only in bound states. This phenomenon is called confinement and has been a central research topic of elementary particle physics for the last few decades. In order to find the mechanism that forbids the existence of free quarks many approaches and ideas are being followed, but by now it has become clear that they are not mutually exclusive but illuminate the problem from different perspectives. Two such confinement scenarios are investigated in this thesis. Firstly, the importance of Abelian field components for the low-energy regime is corroborated, thus supporting the dual superconductor picture of confinement and secondly, the influence of the Gribov horizon on non-perturbative solutions is studied."

"Telah dibangun Lagrangian baru serta dilakukan perhitungan analitik tensor energi-momentum untuk fluida QCD yang mengandung suku viskositas. Suku viskositas ini dibuat dengan asumsi bahwa persamaan gerak yang diperoleh mereproduksi persamaan gerak hidrodinamika relativistik. Suku viskositas mengakibatkan perusakan simetri fluida QCD. Memakai Lagrangian yang telah dibangun, dihitung distribusi jumlah partikel memakai teori kinetik dan resolusi Cooper- Frye. Ditunjukkan bahwa distribusi jumlah partikel memiliki kontur yang samamdengan hasil perhitungan sebelumnya memakai persamaan gerak hidrodinamika relativistik.

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A new Lagrangian and energy momentum tensor for fluid QCD with viscous term have been developed and calculated analytically. The viscous term has been constructed assuming that the generated equation of motion should reproduce the known relativistic hydrodynamics. The viscous term induces symmetry breaking of fluid QCD. Using the Lagrangian, the particle number distribution has been calculated using kinetic theory and Cooper-Frye prescription. It is shown that the distribution has the same contour as previous results calculated using the equation of motion of relativistic hydrodynamics."