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"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini mengenai pengaruh keberadaan Taman Nasional terhadap pengetahuan keanekaragaman hayati dan nilai pelajaran biologi siswa SMU. Pelaksanaannya dilakukan di SMUN-SMUN sekitar Taman Nasional Way Kambas pada tahun 1995/1996.Pengumpulan data untuk pengetahuan keanekaragaman hayati dilakukan melalui angket yang sebeiumnya sudah diujicobakan di SMUN-SMUN Kodya Bandar Lampung, sedangkan data pelajaran biologi berasal dari catur wulan 1,11,111. Penelitian terhadap 212 siswa menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata pengetahuan keanekaragaman hayati adalah 6,3 (nilai terendah 5,9 dan tertinggi 6,8). Nilai rata-rata paling tinggi berasal dari siswa SMUN Kota Gajah. Niiai rata-rata siswa seluruh SMUN dikategorikan sedang.Kunjungan yang dilakukan secara pribadi oleh siswa tidak berpengaruh terhadap pengetahuan keanekaragaman hayati siswa. Niiai rata-rata pelajaran biologi adalah 6,3 (nilai terendah 5,8 dan tertingg 6,8) dan nilai paling tinggi diperoleh siswa SMUN Way Jepara. Nilai rata-rata seluruh siswa SMUN dikategorikan sedang. Kunjungan siswa secara pribadi oleh siswa berpengaruh terhadap prestasi pelajaran biologi. Kunjungan secara ekstrakurikuler tidak terlaksana. Tidak ada korelasi antara pengetahuan keanekaragaman hayati dengan nilai pelajaran biologi.

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ABSTRACT

Indonesia is a megadiversity country (KLH, 1993). However, species extinction has been concern, among others due to primary forest exploitation (Turner et al. 1994). National parks are the last refuges of primary forest. Therefore, through the formal education. processes the sustainbility of biodiversity is hopely guaranteed (Walhi, 1995). This research has been conducted on the highschool (SMU) surrounding the Way Kambas National Park, Central Lampung province. The questionnaries have been used to gather the knowledge on biodiversity among students of the SMU, while the grades on biology have been gathereed through their quarterly points (reported by teachers).

The results showed that ;

There is-no corelation between the biology grades and the knowledge on biodiversity among the 212 students. There is no relation on distance of the school to the national park and the knowledge on biodiversity and the grades on biology. The is no organized visit by the school to the park.

It is recommended that :

The schools must used more properly the Way Kambas National Park to increase and improve the quality of their formal educational programs. The Way Kambas National Park management must make extension program more effectively, especially for the surrounding schools. The research must be extended to other national park of the country, for more understanding of the value of national park to the nations."

"Masyarakat adat mendiami dan tersebar di seluruh dunia dari Kutub Utara sampai dengan Pasifik Selatan, mereka berjumlah sekitar 370 juta. Sebaran wilayah tempat tinggal mereka mencangkup 22 persen dari permukaan bumi yang secara kebetulan merupakan daerah di mana 80 persen konsentrasi keanekaragaman hayati dunia berada. Masyarakat adat memiliki keterikatan yang erat dengan alam. Keterikatan itu menjadikan mereka memiliki sikap hidup, cara pandang dan budaya yang sangat menghargai alam. Praktek kehidupan mereka selaras dengan upaya menjaga keanekaragaman hayati. Hukum Internasional melalui Konvensi Keanekargaman Hayati mulai mengapresiasi dan memberikan perlindungan kepada hak masyarakat adat atas keanekaragaman hayati. Meski demikian, praktek‐praktek perampasan hak atas tanah, wilayah, dan biopiracy masih marak terjadi. Masyarakat adat juga sampai saat ini masih berjuang untuk mendapatkan pengakuan penuh atas hak menentukan nasib mereka sendiri karena dengan adanya pengakuan hak inilah mereka tidak hanya dapat menjamin keberlangsungan mereka tetapi juga dapat meneruskan sumbangsih positif mereka dalam menjaga lingkungan dan keanekaragaman dunia. Melihat kesenjangan antara pengakuan dan perlindungan hukum dengan praktik yang terjadi atas hak masyarakat adat di bidang keanekaragaman hayati, skripsi ini berupaya memberikan gambaran bagaimana hukum internasional melindungi hak masyarakat adat di bidang keanekaragaman hayati? Bagaimana negara‐negara seperti Brazil, Kamerun, Australia dan Malaysia melindungi hak tersebut bagi masyarakat adat di negara mereka masing‐masing? Kemudian bagaimana Indonesia melindungi hak keanekaragaman hayati masyarakat adatnya?

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Indigenous Peoples live and dwell stretch from north pole to southern pacific, approximately there are about 370 milions of them. They live in areas that cover 22 percents of earth surfaces, where apparently 80 percents of biological diversities concentrated. Indigenous peoples have strong and long ties with mother earth. The strong‐connection induces their ways of live, paradigms and cultures in so that they cherish, preserve and honor the nature. Their daily life practices intact with biodiversity preservation. Through the Convention of Biological Diversity, international law has begun to apreciate and protect Indigenous Peoples' Biodiversity Right. Nevertheless, practices of lands dispossession, miss‐appropriations of their traditional knowledges, biopiracy, existed until this very day. Meanwhile, Indigenous Peoples have been struggling to seek full acknowledgement of their self‐determination right, because with the recognition, they are not just may preserve their existance but also continue their positive contributions in preserving and protecting the environments and the world's biodiversity. Knowing the imbalance between the recognition, and protection of laws and negative practices against indigenous peoples right on biodiversity, this paper would like to draw how does international law protect indigenous peoples rights on biodiversity? How do international communities, specifically Brazil, Cameroon, Australia and Malaysia protect their Indigenous Peoples' Rights on biodiversity? Then, how Indonesia protecting such rights?"