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"Tesis ini dilatarbelakangi penerbitan Arsitektur Perbankan Indonesia (API) oleh Bank Indonesia dalam rangka penataan kembali industri perbankan setelah krisis moneter tahun 1997. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam Tesis ini adalah bagaimana pengaruh kebijakan API terhadap struktur, tingkat persaingan dan kinerja industri perbankan Indonesia sebelum dan sesudah berlakunya kebijakan API. Tujuan Tesis ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi bentuk struktur, pengaruh kebijakan API terhadap tingkat persaingan industri perbankan dan menganalisis dampak penerapan kebijakan API bagi kinerja perbankan Indonesia dengan periode penelitian tahun 2001 - 2008. Untuk mengukur tingkat persaingan dan bentuk struktur dalam industri perbankan Indonesia digunakan model Panzar-Rosse. Model ini memberikan indikator persaingan yang dikenal sebagai statistik H yang menyediakan penilaian kuantitatif dari persaingan dalam pasar. Statistik H didapatkan dari jumlah elastisitas revenue terhadap harga faktor-faktor produksi berdasarkan reduced form persamaan pendapatan bank. Persyaratan dalam metode Panzar-Rosse adalah sampel observasi harus mewakili ekuilibrium long run untuk mengukur tingkat kestabilan, mengingat model ini menggunakan pendekatan statis. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa setelah diterbitkan kebijakan API oleh Bank Indonesia, maka struktur perbankan Indonesia berbentuk monopoli atau oligopoli kolusif. Bentuk struktur tersebut mencerminkan adanya perbedaan tingkat persaingan bank umum pada periode sebelum dan sesudah API diterbitkan. Dengan diberlakukannya kebijakan API, kondisi perbankan nasional tidak menjadi lebih stabil dibandingkan sebelum API diterbitkan. Namun ketidakstabilan ini tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja bank umum, sehingga setelah kebijakan API diterbitkan kinerja bank umum mengalami peningkatan.

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The background of this Thesis was the issuance of the Indonesian Banking Architecture (API) by Bank Indonesia in the framework of restructuring the banking industry after the financial crisis in 1997. The main concern of this thesis was the impact of the Indonesian Banking Architecture policy toward structure, the level of competition and performance of the Indonesian banking industry before and after the promulgated of API. The purpose of this Thesis is to identify the shape of the structure, to measure the impact of promulgated of API policy toward the level of competition of the banking industry and to analyze the impact of API?s implementation toward performance of banking industry with year study period from 2001 to 2008. To measure the level of competition and the shape of the structure of Indonesian banking industry used Panzar-Rosse model. This model provides an indicator of competition, known as H statistic that provides a quantitative assessment of competition in the market.

H statistics obtained from the amount of revenue to price elasticity factors of production based on the reduced form bank revenue equations. The terms of the Panzar-Rosse method is to sample observation should be representative of long run equilibrium to measure the level of stability, since this model uses a static approach. On the basis of test result, it is concluded that after the Indonesia Banking Architecture policy issued by Bank Indonesia, the structure of Indonesian banking industry is monopoly or collusive oligopoly. This structure reflects the different levels of competition for commercial banks in the period before and after the implementation of API. The condition of banking industry do not become more stable than before the published of API. However this instability does not affect toward performance of banking industry, so performance of banking industry have increased."

"Terbatasnya produk perbankan syariah dalam menunjukkan ciri khasnya pada akad mudharabah menjadi salah satu pemicu lambatnya pertumbuhan market share yang baru mencapai 7,09% per Desember 2022 berdasarkan data Statistik Perbankan Syariah Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. Dilain sisi, penerapan Sharia Restricted Intermediary Account (SRIA) sebagai inovasi bank syariah membutuhkan instrumen kebijakan makroprudensial agar mampu menjaga stabilitas keuangan pada sektor perbankan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengeksplorasi inovasi produk SRIA di perbankan syariah berdasarkan kerangka Concept Note yang telah disusun oleh Komite Nasional Ekonomi & Keuangan Syariah (KNEKS) terhadap Instrumen Kebijakan Makroprudensial di Indonesia berupa Giro Wajib Minimum (GWM), Rasio Intermediasi Makroprudensial (RIM) Syariah, dan Penyangga Likuiditas Makroprudensial (PLM) Syariah karena instrumen tersebut masih belum mencapai konsensus dalam ketentuannya pada produk SRIA. Metode awal yang digunakan yaitu metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan teknik analisis konten secara empiris dan teoretis terhadap artikel ilmiah yang diterbitkan pada jurnal internasional bereputasi. Sebanyak 509 artikel diperoleh dan secara bertahap disaring berdasarkan kriteria kelayakan sehingga menghasilkan 23 artikel final layak analisis. Secara garis besar, 15 artikel empiris mengenai PSIA (Profit Sharing Investment Account) dan instrumen makroprudensial mengemukakan bahwa implementasi produk PSIA membutuhkan ketentuan instrumen kebijakan makroprudensial yang akomodatif sesuai dengan karakteristiknya. Aspek risiko produk PSIA berupa risiko likuiditas dan risiko investasi menjadi yang paling dikhawatirkan mampu mengguncang kestabilan moneter perbankan syariah dalam jangka panjang. Sementara, 5 artikel teoretis lainnya menekankan konsep PSIA yang merupakan produk investasi sehingga hakikatnya akad mudharabah yang digunakan tidak menjamin nilai pokok pengembalian secara alamiah. Metode berikutnya menggunakan Delphi dua putaran dengan melibatkan persepsi responden ahli dalam bidang perbankan syariah maupun kebijakan makroprudensial di Indonesia. Temuan yang didapatkan yaitu seluruh ketentuan kebijakan makroprudensial terhadap mencapai konsensus pada putaran kedua dengan mekanisme GWM berada di rentang 2%-7,5%, RIM Syariah pada rentang 84-92%, dan PLM Syariah 4,5%. Khusus instrumen RIM dan PLM, hasil konsensus mengungkapkan diperlukan penyesuaian fleksibilitas kembali sesuai dengan ketentuan Bank Indonesia jika SRIA diterapkan. Sementara itu konsep akad mudharabah muqayyadah pada SRIA juga mencapai konsensus apabila akad mudharabah SRIA termasuk kedalam kategori mudharabah madhmunah sesuai fatwa DSN MUI No. 118 tentang Pedoman Penjaminan Simpanan Nasabah Bank Syariah.

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The limited products of Islamic banking in showing their characteristics in mudharabah contracts is one of the triggers for the slow growth in market share which only reached 7.09% as of December 2022 based on data from the Financial Services Authority's Islamic Banking Statistics. On the other hand, the implementation of the Sharia Restricted Intermediary Account (SRIA) as an innovation for Islamic banks requires macroprudential policy instruments to be able to maintain financial stability in the banking sector. This study aims to analyze and explore SRIA product innovation in Islamic banking based on the Concept Note framework that has been prepared by the National Sharia Economic & Finance Committee (KNEKS) on Macroprudential Policy Instruments in Indonesia in the form of Statutory Reserves (GWM), Sharia Macroprudential Intermediation Ratio (RIM), and Sharia Macroprudential Liquidity Buffer (PLM) because these instruments have yet to reach consensus on their provisions on SRIA products. The initial method used is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with empirical and theoretical content analysis techniques for scientific articles published in reputable international journals. A total of 509 articles were obtained and gradually filtered based on eligibility criteria to produce 23 final articles worthy of analysis. Broadly speaking, 15 empirical articles on PSIA (Profit Sharing Investment Account) and macroprudential instruments argue that the implementation of PSIA products requires provision of accommodative macroprudential policy instruments according to their characteristics. The risk aspects of the PSIA product, in the form of liquidity risk and investment risk, are the most worrying about being able to shake the monetary stability of Islamic banking in the long term. Meanwhile, 5 other theoretical articles emphasize the concept of PSIA which is an investment product so that in essence the mudharabah contract used does not guarantee the natural principal value of return. The next method uses two rounds of Delphi involving the perceptions of expert respondents in the field of Islamic banking and macroprudential policies in Indonesia. The findings obtained are that all macroprudential policy provisions towards reaching consensus in the second round with the GWM mechanism are in the range of 2% -7.5%, Sharia RIM is in the range of 84-92%, and Sharia PLM is 4.5%. Particularly for the RIM and PLM instruments, the consensus results reveal that flexibility adjustments are needed again in accordance with Bank Indonesia regulations if the SRIA is implemented. Meanwhile, the concept of a mudharabah muqayyadah contract with SRIA also reached a consensus if the SRIA mudharabah contract was included in the mudharabah madhmunah category according to DSN MUI fatwa No. 118 concerning Guidelines for Guaranteeing Customer Deposits of Islamic Banks."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor-faktor yang terkait dengan penerimaan dan penggunaan teknologi terhadap behavioural intention dan use behaviour layanan mobile banking. Pada penelitian ini digunakan modifikasi dari Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (meta-UTAUT) dengan variabel utama berupa performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions dan attitude, serta memasukkan variabel personal innovativeness, anxiety, trust, dan grievance redressal, dan juga menambahkan perceived risk sebagai faktor eksternal.Metode sampling yang digunakan adalah convenience sampling dari pendekatan nonprobability sampling dengan survei yang dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner terhadap 258 responden, yang merupakan nasabah bank, memiliki aplikasi mobile banking pada smartphone, dan sudah biasa menggunakan aplikasi tersebut. Pengolahan data menggunakan Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) dengan melakukan tahapan pengukuran dan pengujian hipotesis yang diajukan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis ditemukan bahwa performance expectancy memiliki pengaruh positif pada use behaviour dan pada pembentukan sikap pengguna bersama-sama dengan trust. Social influence, facilitating conditions, dan attitude terbukti memiliki pengaruh positif secara signifikan padabehavioural intention. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa niat perilaku dan perilaku penggunaan terkait layanan mobile banking dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor yang terkait dengan pengaruh sosial, kondisi internal dan kebutuhan pengguna, serta sangat didukung oleh ekspektasi kinerja dan kondisi yang memfasilitasi layanan mobilebanking.

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This study aims to analyse the influence of factors related to the acceptance and use of

technology on the behavioural intention and use behaviour of mobile banking services.

This study used a modification of the Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology

(meta-UTAUT) with the main variables in the form of performance expectancy, effort

expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions and attitude, as well as including

personal innovativeness, anxiety, trust, and grievance redressal variables, and also added

perceived risk as an external factor. The sampling method used was convenience

sampling from a non-probability sampling approach with a survey conducted by

distributing questionnaires to 258 respondents, who are bank customers, have a mobile

banking application on their smartphone, and are used to using the application. Processing

of data using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) by measuring and testing the proposed

hypothesis. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that performance expectancy

has a positive influence on use behaviour and on the formation of user attitude together

with trust. Social influence, facilitating conditions, and attitude are proven to have a

significant positive effect on behavioural intention. From the results of the study, it can

be concluded that behavioural intentions and use behaviour related to mobile banking

services can be influenced by factors related to social influences, internal conditions and

user needs, and are strongly supported by performance expectations and conditions that

facilitate mobile banking services."

"Pada saat pandemi Covid-19, hampir seluruh layanan terutama layanan perbankan mulai beralih ke layanan secara digital seperti layanan QRIS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh behavioral intention yang terkait dengan penerimaan dan penggunaan teknologi terhadap behavioural intention dan use behaviour QRIS layanan mobile banking. Pada penelitian ini digunakan modifikasi dari Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (meta-UTAUT) dengan variabel utama berupa Hedonic Motivation, Performance Expectancy, Social Influence, Trust, Attitude, Facilitating Condition, Habit, dan Behavioral Intention. Metode sampling yang digunakan adalah convenience sampling dari pendekatan non-probability sampling dengan survei yang dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner kepada nasabah bank generasi milenial. Pengolahan data menggunakan Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) dengan melakukan tahapan pengukuran dan pengujian hipotesis yang diajukan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis ditemukan bahwa performance expectancy, social influence dan attitude terbukti memiliki pengaruh positif yang signifikan terhadap niat berperilaku. Facilitating condition dan habit memiliki pengaruh positif yang signifikan terhadap perilaku penggunaan. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa use behavior dan perilaku penggunaan terkait QRIS pada layanan mobile banking dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor yang berkaitan dengan social influence, dan kebutuhan pengguna, serta sangat didukung oleh performance expectancy dan kondisi yang memfasilitasi QRIS dalam layanan mobile banking. Studi ini berkontribusi pada literatur dengan mengidentifikasi niat perilaku untuk berkontribusi dalam pengembangan QRIS di mobile banking di Indonesia.

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During the COVID-19 pandemic, banking services began to switch to digital services such as Quick Response Code Indonesia Standard (QRIS) services. This study analyzes the impact of behavioral intentions related to technology acceptance and use on QRIS mobile banking service usage behavior. This study employed a modified version of the Technology Acceptance and Use Theory (meta-UTAUT), where the main variables were hedonic motivation, achievement expectations, social influence, trust, attitudes, support status, habits, and behavioral intentions. This study applied convenience sampling from the non-probability sampling approach with data collected online from bank customers in Indonesia. Data processing uses Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) by carrying out the stages of measuring and testing the proposed hypotheses. Based on the analysis, it was found that performance expectancy, social influence, and attitude proved to have a significant positive influence on behavioral intention. Facilitating conditions have a significant positive effect on use behavior. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that behavioral intentions and usage behavior related to QRIS in mobile banking services can be influenced by factors related to social influence, and user needs, and are strongly supported by performance expectations and conditions that facilitate QRIS in mobile banking services. This study contributes to the literature by identifying the behavioral intention to contribute to the development of QRIS in mobile banking in Indonesia."