Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Dengan studi ini, akan dibuat desain dan penyetelan dari multi-loop untuk multivariabel (2x2) RATB agar dapat mencapai kinerja kontrol RATB yang optimum. Studi ini menggunakan model reaktor Bequette dan perangkat lunak MATLAB yang diharapkan dapat mengatasi gangguan-gangguan di reaktor sehingga reaktor dapat stabil dengan cepat walaupun ada gangguan. Dalam studi ini, desain akan dibuat menggunakan pendekatan multi-loop, dengan pembuatan kontroler PI pada tahap selanjutnya. Kemudian metode penyetelan BLT dan auto-tune akan digunakan di kontroler PI dan diberikan gangguan untuk kedua metode penyetelan. Kinerja kontroler kemudian di bandingkan dan hasil dari studi ini kemudian di analisa untuk di bahas dan di ambil kesimpulannya. Hasil dari studi menunjukkan bahwa dalam hal penolakan gangguan, BLT lebih baik daripada auto-tune berdasarkan perbandingan kinerja kontroler keduanya. Untuk IAE dalam kasus temperatur, BLT 30% lebih baik daripada auto-tune, tetapi kinerja hampir sama dalam kasus konsentrasi. Untuk settling time dalam kasus konsentrasi, BLT 30% lebih baik daripada auto-tune, dan dalam kasus temperatur, BLT 18% lebih baik daripada autotune. Untuk rise time dalam kasus konsentrasi dan temperature, BLT 30% lebih baik daripada auto-tune.

---

With this study, the design and tuning of multi-loop for multivariable (2x2) CSTR will be made in order to achieve optimum CSTR control performance. This study used Bequette model reactor and MATLAB software and is expected to be able to cope with disturbances in the reactor so that the reactor system is able to stabilize quickly despite the distractions. In this study, the design will be made using multiloop approach, along with PI controller as the next step. Then, BLT and auto-tune tuning method will be used in PI controller and given disturbances to both of tuning method. The controller performances are then compared. Results of the study are then analysed for discussions and conclusions.

Results from this study have shown that in terms of disturbance rejection, BLT is better than auto-tune based on comparison between both of controller performances. For IAE for the case of temperature, BLT is 30% better than auto-tune, but it is almost the same for the case of concentration. For settling time for the case of concentration, BLT is 30% better than auto-tune, and for the case of temperature, BLT is 18% better than auto-tune. For rise time for the case of concentration and temperature, BLT is 30% better than auto-tune."

"Previous research of thermal co-pyrolysis of biomass-plastics where plastics function as hydrogen donor to induce synergistic effect on non-oxygenated fraction of bio-oil has reached a condition that there was a difficulty of separating non-oxygenated compounds from oxygenated compounds either at low heating rate. It was suspected that the content of high molecular weight of compounds especially polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in bio-oil retarded this separation. At low heating rate, most of co-pyrolysis until recently have been conducted in fixed bed and auger reactors. The present work proposed a stirred tank reactor as the reactor alternative to avoid formation of PAH in bio-oil. A series of experiments of co-pyrolysis of corn cobs and polypropylene at low heating rate (5oC/min) with maximum temperature of 500oC has been conducted with the ultimate goal of producing non-oxygenated fraction of bio-oil similar to diesel fuel. The qualities of the fraction targeted were its viscosity, double bond content and branching number of carbon chains. The values of these properties in diesel fuel are 2.7 cStokes, 0%, 0.4, respectively. The experiments involved 3 different reactors, i.e. the first, a stirred tank reactor with its aspect ratio (the ratio of the height to the diameter) of 2.0, the second, a stirred tank reactor with aspect ratio of 1.35 and the third, a dispecement reactor. Nitrogen gas as a sweeping gas was predicted to generate local turbulence favouring convective heat transfer. The work has resulted in some important results, i.e. the first, there was phase separation between oxygenated and non-oxygenated fractions, the second, synergistic effects in copyrolysis have been achieved both in bio-oil and non-oxygenated fraction yields, the third, non-oxygenated fraction had viscosity of 2.03 + 6.47% cStokes, the fourth, nonoxygenated fraction contained only 6-7% double bonds, which eases the hydrogenation reaction in further processing for double bond saturation, the fifth, non-oxygenated fraction had average branching number of 0.57, slightly above that of diesel fuel, which is unfavourable to reach short ignition delay time in the combustion, the sixth, the aspect ratio of the reactor significantly affected the extent of biomass pyrolysis, but not polypropylene pyrolysis."