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"Studi cross sectional ini bertujuan untuk melakukan evaluasi kjnerja program komunikasi tabur gizi di Praya Tengah, Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa program komunikasi tabur gizi sebagai suatu sistem tidak berjalan dengan baik. Hal ini berdampak pada rendahnya tingkat kepatuhan sasaran, yaitu ibu/pengasuh dan anaknya, terhadap penggunaan tabur gizi. Selain itu, kepatuhan ibu untuk menggunakan tabur gizi lebih dipengaruhi oleh kesukaan anak terhadap produk tersebut, daripada program komunikasi itu sendiri. Manajer kesehatan di level kabupaten, dan Puskesmas, Serta kder Posyandu beranggapan bahwa masalah ketidakpatuhan sasaran disebabkan oleh anak balita tidak menyukai makanan yang telah diberi tabur gizi, dan para ibu/pengasuh tidak mau memaksa anaknya untuk mengkonsumsi rnakanan tersebut, serta anggapan ibu bahwa produk tersebut menyebabkan diare dan demam. Alasan lainnya adalah lemahnya aspek manajemen.

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This cross sectional study aimed to conduct a performance evaluation on the micronutrients powder (MNP) communication program in Praya Tengah, Lombok Tengah District. The study found that as a system MNP communication program did not well function and it might not reach its potential benefit yet, As a result it leads to low compliance of the beneficiaries on the MNP. Also, the caregiver?s compliance was influence by their children?s compliance, instead of comMunication program. The health managers and Posyandu cadres have perceived several reasons as problem on that program, i.e. most of the under five children did not like MNP, and the caregivers refuse to force feed their child to eat the food when it mix with MNP and also they perceive it might cause of diarrhea and fever. Other reasons that might hamper the program were lack of resources and poor management."

"Latar belakang: Kegagalan pertumbuhan sering terjadi pada pasien talasemia mayor (TM). Tata laksana nutrisi merupakan salah satu aspek penting untuk mengoptimalkan hasil luaran klinis. Penilaian komposisi tubuh berupa persentase massa otot, persentase masa lemak dan densitas massa tulang (DMT) menjadi komponen penting dalam mengevaluasi status gizi. Hingga saat ini belum ada penelitian di Indonesia yang mengevaluasi hubungan antara asupan makronutrien dan mikronutrien terhadap komposisi tubuh pada pasien TM remaja serta hubungannya dengan berbagai parameter antropometri. Metode: Penelitian dengan desain studi potong lintang melibatkan 55 pasien TM remaja, berusia 10-18 tahun di Pusat Talasemia RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Status gizi dievaluasi disertai pengukuran lingkar lengan atas (LILA), triceps skin thicknes (TSK), dan mid-upper arm muscle circumference (MUAMC). Asupan makronutrien dan mikronutrien diperoleh melalui food record selama tiga hari. Persentase massa otot, massa lemak, dan DMT dinilai menggunakan dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Kadar vitamin D diperiksa melalui metode enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data dianalisis menggunakan korelasi Pearson dan Spearman sesuai dengan pola distribusi normalitas.Hasil penelitian: Gizi kurang dijumpai pada 58,2% subjek dan gizi buruk pada 9,1% subjek. Rerata dan median asupan zat gizi harian dibandingkan dengan kebutuhannya pada subyek lelaki yakni asupan energi 85,6 % (SB 20,19), protein 55% (SB 14,19), lemak 112,4% (SB 35,48), karbohidrat 85,5 % (SB 23,31), vitamin D 29% (RIK 15,68-40,80), vitamin E 34,1% (SB 14,77), kalsium 37% (RIK 16,63-43,45), dan asam folat 32,98% (SB 14,6), sedangkan pada subyek perempuan asupan energi 93,6 % (SB 18,61), protein 59% (RIK 51-63), lemak 112,4% (RIK 105-142,5), karbohidrat 93,3 % (SB 25,5), vitamin D 22% (RIK 13,65-43), vitamin E 24% (RIK 21,65-39,7), kalsium 35,7% (RIK 20,45-55,6), dan asam folat 26,3% (RIK 16,2-41,15). Terdapat korelasi  ringan antara asupan energi dengan persentase massa lemak pada subyek lelaki dan perempuan (r= 0,25, p= 0,017; r= 0,38, p= 0,02). Tidak terdapat korelasi antara asupan karbohidrat, lemak, dan protein, vitamin D, vitamin E, kalsium, dan asam folat terhadap persentase massa otot, persentase massa lemak dan DMT. Kadar vitamin D tidak berkorelasi dengan komposisi tubuh. Terdapat korelasi kuat antara LILA dan MUAMC dengan persentase massa otot (r= 0,54, p<0,001; r= 0,68, p<0,001) dan massa lemak (r=0,77, p<0,001; r= 0,61, p<0,001). Kesimpulan: Lebih dari separuh remaja talasemia mengalami malnutrisi dan kekurangan asupan protein. Komposisi tubuh berkorelasi dengan jumlah asupan energi, tetapi tidak dengan yang lainnya. Kadar vitamin D tidak berkorelasi dengan komposisi tubuh. Lingkar lengan atas (LILA) dan MUAMC berkorelasi dengan persentase massa otot dan massa lemak.

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Background:Growth failure is common in thalassemia major (TM) patients. Nutritional management is an imperative aspect to optimize the clinical outcome. Measurement of muscle mass percentage, fat mass percentage, and bone mass density (BMD) on body composition is important component in assessing the nutritional status. There has been no study in Indonesia for the correlation between macronutrient and micronutrient intake on body composition in adolescents with thalassemia major.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 55 adolescent TM patients aged 10-18 years old taken through concecutive sampling at the Thalassemia Center dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital Jakarta. Nutritional status was evaluated and anthropometric measurements was performed including  mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), triceps skin thickness (TSK), and mid-upper arm muscle circumference (MUAMC). Macronutrient and micronutrient intake was obtained through a three-day food record. Muscle mass percentage, fat mass percentage, and BMD were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to examine vitamin D levels. The data was analyzed by Pearson and Spearman correlation depending on the type of distribution.

Result: Moderate malnourish occurred in 58.2% subjects and severe malnourish in 9,1% subjects. The mean and median daily nutrient intake compared to their needs in male subjects were energy intake 85.6% (SD 20.19), protein 55% (SD 14.19), fat 112.4% (SD 35.48), carbohydrates 85.5% (SD 23.31), vitamin D 29% (IQR 15.68-40.80), vitamin E 34.1% (SD 14.77), calcium 37% (IQR 16.63-43, 45), and folic acid 32.98% (SD 14.6), while in female subjects, energy intake were 93.6% (SD 18.61), protein 59% (IQR 51-63), fat 112.4% (IQR 105-142.5), carbohydrates 93.3% (SD 25.5), vitamin D 22% (IQR 13.65-43), vitamin E 24% (IQR 21.65-39.7), calcium 35 .7% (IQR 20.45-55.6), and folic acid 26.3% (IQR 16.2-41.15). There was a mild correlation between energy intake and fat mass percentage in male and female subjects (r= 0,25, p= 0,017; r= 0,38, p= 0,02). There was no correlation between carbohydrate, fat, and proteis, vitamin D, vitamin E, calcium, and folic acid on the proportion of muscle mass percentage, fat mass percentage, and BMD. Vitamin D levels were not correlated with body composition. There were strong correlation between MUAC and MUAMC with the percentage of muscle mass (r= 0.54, p<0.001; r= 0.68, p <0.001) and fat mass (r=0.77, p<0.001; r= 0.61 , p < 0.001).

Conclusion: More than half of adolescent TM patients are malnourished and lack protein intake. Body composition correlates with total calorie intake, but not with anything else. Vitamin D levels are not correlated with body composition. Mid-upper arm circumference and MUAMC correlate with the percentage of muscle mass and fat mass."

"In this book we have mainly focused on physiological, biochemical, molecular and genetic bases of crop development and related approaches that can be used for crop improvement under environmental adversaries. In addition, the adverse effects of different biotic (diseases, pathogens etc.) and abiotic (salinity, drought, high temperatures, metals etc) stresses on crop development and the potential strategies to enhance crop productivity under stressful environments are also discussed."

"This study reported quantifications of fine particle bound trace metals and their potential health risks for residents in guangzhou, a rapidly developing and most populated city in South China...."

"ABSTRAKChelating resin-packed minicolumn preconcentration was used for multielement determination of trace metals in seawater by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The chelating resin-packed minicolumn was constructed with two syringe filters (DISMIC 13HP and Millex-LH) and an iminodiacetate chelating resin (Chelex 100, 200-400 mesh), with which trace metals in 50 mL of original seawater sample were concentrated into 0.50 mL of 2 M nitric acid, and then 100-fold preconcentration of trace metals was achieved. Then, 0.50 mL analysis solution was subjected to the multielement determination by ICP-MS equipped with a MicroMist nebulizer for micro-sampling introduction. The preconcentration and elution parameters such as the sample-loading flow rate, the amount of 1 Mammonium acetate for elimination of matrix elements and the amount of 2 M nitric acid for eluting trace metals wasoptimized to obtain good recoveries and analytical detection limits for trace metals. The analytical results for V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, Pb, and U in three kinds of seawater certified reference materials (CRMs; CASS-3, NASS-4, and NASS-5) agreed well with their certified values. The observed values of rare earth elements (REEs) in the above seawater CRMs were also consistent with the reference values. Therefore, the compiled reference values for the concentrations of REEs in CASS-3, NASS-4, and NASS-5 were proposed based on the observed values and reference data for REEs in these CRMs. "

"Vitamin D adalah salah satu mikronutrien yang penting bagi manusia terlebih lagi pada ibu hamil. Di beberapa Negara kekurangan vitamin D menjadi masalah yang terabaikan terutama di negara Asia Tenggara termasuk di Indonesia. Ibu hamil yang kekurangan vitamin D dapat berisiko lebih tinggi untuk mengalami pre eklampsia. Pada bayi yang lahir dari ibu yang mengalami kekurangan vitamin D dapat lahir dengan berat badan yang rendah dan kedepannya dapat mengalami gangguan pada organ penting seperti otak dan tulang. Oleh karena itu, pencegahan harus dilakukan sedini mungkin dari trsimester pertama. Namun terbatasnya fasilitas untuk mengukur tersebut mendorong untuk mencari tahu faktor yang berperan penting dalam kadar vitamin D seperti asupan harian. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan desain studi cross-sectional. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data sekunder dari penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia pada tahun 2013 sampai 2014 dengan subjek ibu hamil trimester pertama yang tinggal di Jakarta. Metode penelitian menggunakan pengukuran 25-hidroxivitamin D terstandar untuk memperoleh kadar vitamin D dalam darah subjek serta food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) untuk mengetahui asupan harian vitamin D subjek. Data yang diperoleh kemudian diolah menggunakan piranti lunak SPSS for Windows 20.0 lalu dianalisis dengan uji Spearman. Didapatkan bahwa persentase subjek hipovitaminosis vitamin D adalah sebesar 43,5% (27 orang, n = 62) dan seluruh subjek memiliki asupan vitamin D harian yang rendah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ditemukan adanya korelasi antara asupan harian vitamin D dengan kadar 25-hidroxivitamin D. Banyak faktor lain yang mempengaruhi misalnya adalah sinar matahari.

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Vitamin D is one of the important micronutrients for humans especially pregnant women. In some countries, deficiency of vitamin D is one of neglected health problem, especially in South-East countries including Indonesia. Pregnancy women with deficiency vitamin D may be higher risk for having preeclampsia. In infants born from mother who have deficiency vitamin D may be born with low birth weight. Some important organs development will interference such as brain and bone. Therefore, prevention from deficiency vitamin D should be conducted as early as possible from first trimester pregnancy. But there are limitation in vitamin D measurement facilities so these research purpose is to elaborate the others factor that influencing vitamin D in blood and the most important factor is diet vitamin D. These research aims to determine whether a correlation between vitamin D intake and value of vitamin D in blood.

Running a cross-sectional study design, this research uses secondary data from a former research by Faculty Medicine of University Indonesia conducted in 2013 ? 2014 with pregnant women living in Jakarta.

The research method comprised a 25-hydroxyvitamin D measurement and the usage of food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to obtain subject's vitamin D in blood and vitamin D intake respectively. Using SPSS for Windows 20.0 software, data is then analyzed by Spearman, resulting 43.5% (n = 62) of subjects being hypovitaminosis D (<10 ng/mL) and the whole subjects receiving under the boundary value of vitamin D (12 mcg/day).

This research shows that no correlation could be found between vitamin d intake and value of vitamin D in blood."

"Ruang ambigu merupakan ruang yang dapat secara bebas diinterpretasikan oleh penggunanya, sehingga berdampak pada kompleksitas makna yang memunculkan penggunaan ruang yang kontradiktif dan bervariasi. Karakteristik ini kemudian termanifestasi dalam bentuk trace. Dalam produksinya, terdapat elemen-elemen seperti enabler material, enabling actor, enabling action, dan interpretasi trace yang berdampak pada bagaimana trace dihasilkan.Dengan demikian, skripsi ini akan mengkaji ruang ambigu melalui keberadaan trace di dalamnya dengan menguraikan trace yang ditemukan sebagai elemen-elemen pembentuk trace, sehingga dapat dipahami bagaimana masing-masing elemen tersebut dapat mengindikasikan ruang ambigu. Dalam prosesnya, studi menghasilkan bahwa masing-masing elemen pembentuk trace yang diuraikan kemudian mampu memberikan indikasi ambiguitas melalui kompleksitas trace dalam enabler material, kontradiksi terhadap enabling action yang dilakukan oleh enabling actor, dan keberagaman respons pengguna terhadap trace di sekitarnya.

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Ambiguous space is a space formed through a free interpretation of space by its users, causing a complexity of meaning that emerges in contradictory and varied use of space. These characteristics are then manifested in the form of traces. In its production, there are elements such as enabler material, enabling actor, enabling action, and trace interpretation that impacts how the trace is formed.

Therefore, this study will examine ambiguous space through the presence of traces in it by deciphering found traces as trace elements so that it can be understood how each of these elements can indicate ambiguous space. In the end, this study shows that each of the forming elements can indicate ambiguity through the complexity of trace on the enabler material, the contradiction of enabling action by enabling actor, and the variety of user responses to the surrounding trace."