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"ABSTRAKStudi penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan usulan rancangan perbaikan terhadap proses kerja Changeover dan kejadian Minor Stop pada mesin Power Mat 1 dan 2. Penelitian ini berfokus pada rendahnya nilai overall equipment efectiveness OEE kedua mesin yang menjadi objek penelitian pada perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang industri pengolahan kayu. Dalam penyelesaian masalah, penelitian ini menggunakan framework DMAIC Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control untuk mendapatkan solusi yang berdampak perbaikan bagi masalahan yang telah dirumuskan. Perbaikan yang dilakukan akan memberikan dampak terhadap peningkatan nilai availablility dan performance rate yang merupakan 2 dari 3 unsur perhitungan dalam OEE. Usulan rancangan perbaikan ini menyelesaikan akar permasalahan yang didapatkan melalui fishbone diagram. Dalam penyelesaian masalah Changeover, penelitian ini menggunakan metode Single Minute Exchange of Dies SMED. Sedangkan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan Minor Stop, pada penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan TPM. Hasil penelitian ini adalah peningkatan OEE mesin Power Mat 1 sebesar 20,1 ke angka 75 dan mesin Power Mat 2 sebesar 18,7 ke angka 72,7.

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ABSTRACTThis research study aims to give suggestion of improvement plan of Changeover work process and Minor Stop event. This research focuses on the low value of the overall equipment effectiveness OEE of two machines that become the object of research on a wood processing company. In solving the problem, this research uses DMAIC framework Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control to get solution that has an improvement for the problem that has been formulated. The constructed improvements will have an impact on the increasing availablility and performance rate values which both are the elements of calculation in OEE. This proposed improvement plan solves the root of the problems obtained through the fishbone diagram. In solving the Changeover problem, this research uses Single Minute Exchange of Dies SMED method. Meanwhile, to solve Minor Stop problems, this research uses TPM approach. The result of this research is improvement of OEE Power Mat machine 1 by 20,1 to 75 and Power Mat 2 machine equal to 18,7 to 72,7."

"ABSTRAKProses pengolahan kayu seperti penggergajian, penyerutan dan pengamplasan menghasilkan pencemaran udara di tempat kerja berupa debu kayu yang berupa PM2,5. Pajanan PM2,5 telah banyak dihubungkan dengan gangguan fungsi paru. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara konsentrasi PM2,5 di lingkungan kerja dan terjadinya gangguan fungsi paru pada pekerja UD Mebel Kayu di Desa Condongsari tahun 2015. Desain Penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional. Sampel pekerja dipilih dengan metode total population study. Pengambilan sampel PM2,5 dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat Air-Aide Airborne Particle Monitor Model AA-3500. Sedangkan gangguan fungsi paru diukur dengan spirometri. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik antara PM2,5 dengan gangguan fungsi paru (p-value = 0,05). Faktor lain yang mempengaruhi gangguan fungsi paru pada pekerja adalah umur (p-value = 0,024), masa kerja (p-value = 0,04 dan OR = 16,000) dan penggunaan APD (p-value = 0,002). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pajanan PM2,5 di lingkungan kerja UD Mebel Kayu Desa Condongsari tahun 2015 secara statistik tidak berhubungan dengan gangguan fungsi paru pekerja. Umur, masa kerja serta penggunaan APD berhubungan signifikan terhadap gangguan fungsi paru.

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ABSTRACTWood processing such as sawing and sanding produce wood dust containing PM2,5. Exposure to PM2,5 has been associated with an increase in lung function. This study aimed to determine the association between PM2,5 and Lung Function among wood workers in Furniture Industry in Condongsari 2015. This study used a cross sectional study design with a total population study method. PM2,5 concentration was measured by Air-Aide Airborne Particle Monitor Model AA-3500 and lung function was measured by spirometry. The statistic analysis showed that there is no assosiation between PM2,5 and lung function (p value > 0,05). Another factor that influenced lung function in workers were age (p-value = 0.024), work-years (p-value = 0.04 and OR = 16.000) and use of PPE/Personal Protective Equipment (p-value = 0.002). In conclussion, statistically PM2,5 had no association with lung function. Age, work-year and Use of PPE was significanly associated with lung function."

"Kayu merupakan salah satu bahan bangunan yang masih digunakan oleh masyarakat hingga saat ini. Kekuatan kayu dapat diketahui dengan melakukan pengujian sifat mekanis di laboratorium. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan rancangan percobaan acak lengkap 2 perlakuan terdiri atas contoh uji kecil kayu bebas cacat dan contoh uji kayu skala penuh. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui korelasi antara hasil uji modulus elastisitas dan kuat lentur contoh uji kecil bebas cacat dengan contoh uji skala penuh kayu Gmelina. "

"Untuk mencapai proses efisiensi milling, salah satunya dengan menggunakan strategi pemesinan peripheral milling karena material removal rate (mrr) yang besar terutama bila diaplikasi pada permukaan planar. Peripheral milling menemukan banyak kendala saat mengerjakan jenis permukaan sculptured dan memerlukan bentuk tool khusus yang menyesuaikan bentuk permukaan. Selain itu upaya efisiensi dapat dilakukan dengan mengurangi setup tool pada setiap tahapan proses (single setup tool) dengan menggunakan parameter tool yang sama misalnya silindrical cutter. Namun peripheral milling menggunakan tool silinder pada permukaan sculptured memerlukan metode dan strategi khusus, karena akan menemukan banyak interference antara tool dengan permukaan tergantung pada parameter tool dan initial tool orientation-nya. Sehingga problem dalam menentukan metode dan strategi pemesinan peripheral milling pada sculptured surface menggunakan tool silinder menjadi menarik untuk diteliti lebih lanjut dan menjadi keterbaharuan dalam penelitian ini. Posisi tool pada setiap cc-point mengandung nilai Normal vector (N), Feed direction vector (F) dan Tool Vector (T). Penetilian ini menghasilkan mengembangkan metode inisial orientasi tool peripheral, metode pendeteksian dan penghindaran interference peripheral, metode inisialisasi area non-machinable peripheral, dan pengembangan strategi diantaranya startegi tool orientasi alternative peripheral, strategi penghindaran intereference, startegi milling area non-machinable peripheral, strategi efektifitas terhadap arah pemakanan, strategi end milling sebagai solusi milling area non-machinable dan terakhir startegi hybrid milling (gabungan peripheral dengan end milling) menggunakan single parameter tool. Hasil pengembangan metode dan strategi kemudian divalidasi dengan simulasi milling pada model uji sculptured surface. Setelah diaplikasi pada beberapa model uji sculpturedsurface berbasis model faset, membuktikan metode dan strategi pemesinan yang dikembangkan telah berhasil disimulasikan pada seluruh area sculptured surface.Hasilnya dipresentasikan dalam prosentase kemampuan peripheral milling dan hasil akhir berupa toolpath simulasi hybrid milling. Hasil pengembangannya pada metode dan startegi peripheral milling ini dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan pengembangan strategi milling 5-axis selanjutnya

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To achieve the milling efficiency process, one of them is by using a peripheral milling machining strategy because high of the material removal rate (mrr), especially when applied to a planar surface. Peripheral milling encountered many obstacles when working on sculptured surface types and required a special form of tool to adjust the surface shape. In addition, efficiency efforts can be made by reducing the setup tool at each stage of the process (single setup tool) by using the same tool parameters such as a cylindrical cutter. However, peripheral milling using the tool cylinder on the sculptured surface requires a special method and strategy, because it will find a lot of interference between the tool and the surface depending on the tool parameters and the initial tool orientation. So that the problem in

determining the method and strategy of peripheral milling machining on sculptured surfaces using tool cylinders becomes interesting for further research and becomes a novelty in this study. Tool position at each cc-point contains Normal vector (N), Feed direction vector (F) and Tool Vector (T) values. This research resulted in

developing initial peripheral tool orientation methods, detection and avoidance methods for peripheral interference, methods for identification non-machinable peripheral areas, and developing strategies including alternative orientation tool peripheral strategies, interference avoidance strategies, non-machinable peripheral area milling strategies, effectiveness strategies for feed direction, end milling strategy as a solution for milling non-machinable areas and finally hybrid milling strategy (combination of peripherals and end milling) using a single parameter tool. The results of developing methods and strategies were then validated by simulating milling on the sculptured surface test model. After being applied to several sculptured surface test models based on the faceted model, it was proven that the developed machining methods and strategies has been simulated successfully on the entire sculptured surface area. The results are presented in the percentage of peripheral milling capabilities and the final result is a hybrid milling simulation toolpath. The results of its development on this peripheral milling method and strategy can be used as a reference for the development of the next 5-axis milling strategy."

"This book is the first attempt to summarize the existing scientific methods and to present new developments and results in this field. First of all, a large array of functional relationships was elaborated and described in details in a voluminous chapter. Beside the strict mathematical optimization methods, an engineering approach is outlined and demonstrated in many worked examples. The essence of this approach is a recognition that, in many practical cases, the optimum is uniquely determined by a particular constraint.The scientific methods of engineering design of wood products are discussed, compared and illustrated with numerical examples. Special attention is paid to the joint elements and, for their easy optimum selection, new similarity equations are developed and illustrated by practical examples.In the last chapter, the general principles of optimum manufacture, interactions among product structure, degree of automation and optimized production technology are discussed. The main woodworking operations are also described and reference is given for optimum selection of their operational parameters.In the Appendix, over 50 colour pictures demonstrate the unique ornamental properties of various timber materials. "