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"At the end of twentieth century there were acquisition dominated business transaction within national scale and also international scale. In the international term there is known acquisition across border. corporate acquisition is one amongst many business strategies for developing corporation within home country and abroad without necessitated to set up a new legal business entity. Acquisition becomes a faster and easier selection in getting financial return. A rampant acquisition of corporation at this moment need to be supervised closely and carefully by many parties since the trend of dominant acquisition many break Antimonopoly Law and Banking law as happening with Maybank acquisition of BII. There is indication that the acquisition of BII's shares have broken Bank Indonesia regulation concerning single presence policy on Indonesia Banking. Nevertheless until now, the growing activities of shares acquisition across border have not comprehensively been regulated yet into regulation of Limited Corporation Law, Antimonopoly Law and Indonesia Banking Law."

"At the end of twentieth century there were acquisitions dominated business transaction whithin national scale and also international scale....."

"The global crisis has caused business world or corporations in Indonesia with difficulties in continuing their business activities which certainly influencing their inability to pay their bank loans. Restructuring as one method of bank loan recovery in case that the difficulty caused by equity factor. The restructuring method starts reviewing the company's equity condition, either equity in forms of short term loan or lease financing accompanied by rescheduling and reconditioning. With restructuring, Banks and borrowers are bound by clauses in special consensus written known as restructuring agreement."

"Current islamic banking in Indonesia is experiencing a significant growth. Up to February, 2013 the number of Islamic banks is as much as 35 banks which consist of 11 islamic banks and 24 islamic business units. This indicates that public interest in islamic banks is quite large and is projected in coming years will continue to increase along with the increasing moslems’ awareness of and need for usury-free banks. In islamic banking activities, any product will not be released from its contract. This study aims to determine the concept of contract in islamic law, principles used in islamic banking operations as well as the implementation of the murabaha contract in Islamic banking."

"Banking crime phenomenon recently occurs by vreaking the Automatic Teller Machine as conducted by the criminal has created unsafe feeling amongst community specially for bank's customer. There are some typical methods used in the crime operation such as using skimmer, cloning credit card, cloning ATM card and stealing Personal Identification Number by hidden-camera and card reader installing on the machine. This type of electronic transaction crimes (e-banking) has been technically improved along with the highly development of technology in electronic banking transaction. The Act No. 11 year of 2008 regarding Information and Electronic Transaction has been attempted to cover and anticipate the accurrence of electronic crime. In practice, however, there is sort of constraint in implementing the law since such articles have called as grey are or having different meaning in perception of legal institution, so there requirement for another legal remedy in form of legal interpretation. In case the Judge unwilling to search for another legal interpretation but prefers to apply streams of legism then sociologically the law would not catch the highly e-banking crime. "

"Skripsi ini berisi membahas mengenai perbandingan peraturan pendirian bank di negara Indonesia, Belanda, Singapura dan Inggris dengan maksud untuk melihat adanya perbedaan dan persamaan dari peraturan di negara berkembang dan negara maju, yang dilakukan dengan metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Skripsi ini terdiri dari dua rumusan masalah, yang pertama adalah bagaimana perbandingan peraturan mengenai persyaratan dan yang kedua adalah perbandingan peraturan mengenai prosedur. Skripsi ini akan membahas dua hal, hal pertama yang dibahas di dalam skripsi ini adalah persamaan dan perbedaan mengenai persyaratan pendirian bank umum di dalam peraturan di setiap negara. Yang kedua adalah persamaan dan perbedaan mengenai prosedur pendirian bank umum di dalam peraturan di setiap negara. Terdapat beberapa perbedaan antara keempat negara ini, pertama adanya perbedaan dalam persyaratan modal dalam bank umum dan adanya perbedaan prosedur antara negara Indonesia, Belanda, dan Singapura dengan negara Inggris. Skripsi ini menyarankan Indonesia untuk beradaptasi dengan Basel III global capital standards dan agar Otoritas Jasa Keuangan bisa memberikan informasi kepada publik mengenai tahap konsultasi yang dapat dilakukan sebelum mendirikan bank umum.

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This thesis talks about comparison of bank establishment for Indonesia, the Netherlands, Singapore, and United Kingdom which are done to find a differences and similarities in the developing and developed countries, which is done with normative juridical research method. This thesis consists of two research questions, the first is the requirements comparison and the second is procedures comparison. This thesis will have discussed about two main things, the first is the comparison concerning commercial bank establishment requirements in the provisions in each country. The second would be the comparison concerning commercial bank establishment procedures in the provisions in each country. There are several differences between these 4 countries, the first is the difference in the initial capital needed in establishing a commercial bank and also difference in procedure between Indonesia, the Netherlands, Singapore with the United Kingdom. This thesis suggests Indonesia to adapt with the Basel III global capital standards and also it is suggested so Otoritas Jasa Keuangan to give information to public concerning the consultation phase that can be done before establishing a commercial bank."

"Perbankan secara umum mempunyai peran vital bagi urat nadi perekonomian, perannya dalam pembangunan sebagai alat transmisi kebijakan moneter. Secara khusus, perbankan juga berperan sangat vital dalam penyelenggaraan transaksi pembayaran, baik nasional maupun internasional. Sehingga citra perbankan dalam masyarakat menjadi sangat penting dijaga untuk menumbuhkan kepercayaan pada dunia perbankan di Indonesia. Pembentukan Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) merupakan tujuan filosofis dari Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, Pasal 33, khususnya ayat (2) dan (3). Dengan pengertian bahwa badan usaha milik negara tersebut menguasai cabang-cabang produksi yang sangat vital bagi hajat hidup orang banyak dan untuk memenuhi seluruh kebutuhan masyarakat yang belum dapat dikelola oleh pihak swasta, dan menjadikan BUMN, baik yang berbentuk non-bank maupun bank, sebagai agen pembangunan (agent of development). Penyertaan modal, yang bersumber dari Anggaran dan Pendapatan Belanja Negara, yang dilakukan oleh Negara melalui Pemerintah pada BUMN membawa implikasi terhadap pengelolaan kekayaan BUMN sebagai entitas badan hukum yang berdiri sendiri, sehingga menimbulkan pemahaman bahwa asset BUMN adalah asset Negara, secara otomatis piutang BUMN pun adalah piutang Negara dan pengelolaannya pun oleh Negara, bukan berdasarkan pada prinsip-prinsip perusahaan yang sehat. Tingginya tingkat kredit bermasalah (non performing loan) pada bank BUMN menimbulkan reaksi Pemerintah dengan mengeluarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 33 Tahun 2006 tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 14 Tahun 2005 tentang Tata Cara Penghapusan Piutang Negara/Daerah, yang sebelumnya telah mendapat dasar hukum melalui Fatwa Mahkamah Agung (Fatwa MA) Nomor WKMA/Yud/20/VIII/2006 tanggal 16 Agustus 2006, yang menekankan bahwa penyertaan modal BUMN merupakan ?pemisahaan kekayaan negara? dari APBN, sehingga pembinaan dan pengelolaannya tidak didasarkan pada sistem APBN melainkan didasarkan pada sistem perusahaan yang sehat menurut UU Perseroan Terbatas dan UU BUMN. Berdasarkan pada Peraturan Pemerintah tersebut diatas, maka piutang BUMN bukan lagi dianggap sebagai piutang Negara. Penanganan kredit bermasalah (NPL) bank BUMN diselesaikan menurut kebijakan bank BUMN itu sendiri dan tidak diserahkan lagi kepada Negara.

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Banking in general give an important role for the economic matters, the role is as the device of the monetary policy transmission. Specifically, banking also give a vital role for the payment transaction, in national or international. Therefore, the image of the banking in society become very important to preserve the trust of the banking system in Indonesia. The philosophy of the history of the state-owned company as mentioned in Constitution years 1945, in Article 33, especially in point (2) dan (3), can be explained that the state-owned company shall dominate all the vital production for the people and to fulfill the needs of the people that can not be dominate by the privat sector, and also made the state-owned company, as well as the bank and non-bank, as the agent of development. The participation of the Capital from the Earnings and Expenditures of the National Budget (APBN) by the State through the government in the state-owned company brought an implication to the management of the asset of the state-owned company as the independent entity of the corporation, and caused a comprehension that the asset of the state-owned company belong to the asset of the state too, in automatically the account receivables of the state-owned company belong to the account receivables of the state too, and will manage by the state, not by the principal of the good corporate governance management. the increase of the non-performance loan in the state-owned bank, reacted by the government by issued the Government Regulation number 33 year 2006 regarding the Alteration of the Government Regulation number 14 year 2005 regarding the Manners of the Remission of the Account Receivables of the state/provincial, based on the instruction of the Supreme Court number WKMA/Yud/20/VIII/2006 dated 16 Agustus 2006, mentioned that the participation of the capital in the state-owned company is ?the separation of the state asset? from the APBN, therefore its management not based on the APBN system but based on the corporation system due to the Laws of Limited Liability Company and the Laws of the State-Owned Company. Thus, the account receivables of he state-owned company not belong to the State and the management of the non-performing loan of the State-Owned Company based on the policy of the State-Owned Company itself, not manage by the State anymore."

"Penafsiran penjelasan Pasal 33 UUD 1945 menetapkan Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) sebagai salah satu pelaku ekonomi dalam sistem ekonomi nasional. Dalam melakukan kegiatan usahanya, BUMN memiliki tugas ganda yaitu disamping melaksanakan program Pemerintah sebagai lembaga politik, juga sebagai pelaku ekonomi yang bertujuan mencari keuntungan untuk menjadi sumber pemasukan keuangan Pemerintah. Dengan tugas ganda tersebut, mendorong Pemerintah untuk memberikan proteksi dan intensif kepada BUMN. Namun proteksi dan intensif tersebut telah menjadikan iklim persaingan usaha yang tidak sehat serta maraknya praktek monopoli. Pengelolaan BUMN yang tidak profesional, menjadikan BUMN sebagai sebuah badan usaha yang lemah dan tidak mampu untuk berkompetisi dalam persaingan usaha, baik di pasar domestik maupun global. Keadaan BUMN, khususnya BUMN di bidang perbankan, semakin terpuruk ketika pada tahun 1997-1998 krisis perekonomian yang membuka borok-borok kerapuhan fundamental ekonomi, melanda negara kita.Bank-bank nasional dalam kesulitan besar bahkan peringkat internasional bank-bank besar terus menurun ke level terbawah. Keadaan semakin parah ketika masyarakat kehilangan kepercayaan terhadap kesehatan perbankan kita, hat ini mengakibatkan terjadinya penarikan dana mendadak secara besar-besaran.Akhirnya restrukturisasi perbankan menjadi salah satu jalan memulihkan perekonomian kita. Beberapa faktor yang mendorong dilakukannya restrukturisasi di bidang perbankan, adalah deregulasi di bidang perbankan sebelum krisis yang terlalu Ionggar tanpa diimbangi oleh penerapan prinsip Good Corporate Governance khususnya oleh para pelaku usaha dan kurangnya pembinaan serta pengawasan kegiatan usaha perbankan. Melalui serangkaian kebijakan restrukturisasi perbankan, diharapkan dapat kembali membangun kepercayaan masyarakat dalam dan luar negeri terhadap sistem keuangan dan perekonomian kita, mengupayakan agar perbankan kita menjadi lebih solven sehingga dapat kembali berfungsi sebagai lembaga perantara yang mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi, dan sekaligus meningkatkan efektifitas pelaksanaan kebijakan moneter.Pendirian PT Bank Mandiri (PERSERO) Tbk berdasarkan UU No. 1011998, pada tanggal 2 Oktober 1998, merupakan bagian dari program restrukturisasi perbankan yang dilaksanakan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia. Pada bulan Juli 1999, empat bank milik Pemerintah yaitu, Bank Bumi Daya, Bank Dagang Negara, Bank Ekspor Impor Indonesia dan Bank Pembangunan Indonesia, bergabung menjadi PT Bank Mandiri (PERSERO) Tbk.Pasca pendirian PT Bank Mandiri (PERSERO) Tbk, sebagai salah satu bagian program restrukturisasi di bidang perbankan, berdampak pada perkembangan dan pembaharuan hukum di Indonesia, misalnya saja untuk masalah penerapan prinsip Good Corporate Governance dalam UU Perseroan Terbatas maupun UU Pasar Modal, Independensi B1 berdasarkan UU No. 23/1999 dan Pembentukan BPPN sebagai sebuah lembaga khusus yang diamanatkan oleh UU No. 10/1998."