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"Bonds are commercial instruments which have an influence on the economic sector in Indonesia. Bond transactions cannot be made in the market directly, but must be traded through securities...."

"This paper is motivated by the fact that emerging market assets size has been expanding and tryingto use sovereign debt market as part of capital market as main research focus. It is highlightingthe distinction between default and non-default determinants and examining their significance inexplaining emerging market sovereign bond yield spread. Using Cross-Sectional Fixed-Effect PanelEstimator, we found that both default (as proxied by Credit Rating and Outlook Index) and non-default(as proxied by 3-month Fed Funds Futures) determinants has significant explanatory power tosovereign bond yield spread. Extensively, we also found the significance to add volatility of 3-monthFed Funds Futures and Fed Target Rate basis and volatility of advanced stock markets as variablesto stand for non-default determinants in the model. The significance of the latter model is strengthenedby higher forecasting as well as indicates the significant role of US market to emerging marketsovereign bond market."

"Credit ratings merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi keputusan struktur modal perusahaan. Beberapa perusahaan dewasa ini menentukan proporsi tertentu dari struktur modal untuk mencapai suatu tingkat rating. Penelitian ini ingin membuktikan apakah perusahaan-perusahaan non-keuangan di Indonesia memiliki tingkah laku struktur modal tertentu setelah terjadinya perubahan credit ratings. Dengan menggunakan data credit rating yang diterbitkan oleh Pefindo serta sampel seluruh perusahaan non-keuangan yang diperingkat oleh Pefindo, penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa perubahan credit rating belum menjadi faktor yang dipertimbangkan perusahaan dalam keputusan struktur modal. Penelitian membuktikan bahwa perusahaan-perusahaan non-keuangan di Indonesia belum menargetkan tingkat minimum credit rating dalam membuat keputusan struktur modal.

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Credit ratings is one of the key factors that could affect a firm?s capital structure decision. Some of the firms nowadays decide on a certain capital structure proportion to achieve their rating target. This research tries to see whether nonfinancial firms' capital structure decision in Indonesia behave accordingly to changes in credit ratings. Using credit ratings published by Pefindo and a sample of all non-financial firms rated by Pefindo, this research concludes that changes in credit ratings are still not considered as one of the factors for capital structure decision. This research shows that non-financial firms in Indonesia does not use a minimum credit ratings target for capital structure decision making."