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"Government needed more income to raise the national budget. They issued instruments to collect income from citizen through debt and foreign currency. Government released Governmental Bonds for domestic market, which sold in retail (ORI) and for international market in foreign currency. Government also presented a law execution regulation to give certainty for the consumers or the taxpayers.Governmental Regulation Number 6 which published in 2002 distinguished the tax procedure for the bonds which imposed only on transactions tradable and reportable to the stock exchange. Income derived or taken from obligation transaction should be based on a global taxation. While, for the international bonds were given the facilities by the government. We would assume that there was an inequality between the bonds for domestic market and for international market. In global taxation, we should not differentiate the income by the source.This research used a quantitative descriptive as the research method. The type and data collection techniques used (1) literature research including on various taxation regulations and another related documents and (2) field research using interviews with such related parties as tax academicians, government as issuer and regulator. They gave several opinion which created differences in equity perspective.Government figured the debt as the best instrument to raise government income. They considered that attracting foreign investor by giving them tax facility was necessary to raise the budget. They named their policy as their budgeting and regulating function. But, we should notice that domestic investor might think the inequality of the tax burden.Therefore, it was suggested to make a comprehensive and equal policy. Based on tax principle, that tax should be fair and equal. It became fair that tax imposed on the income earned from the same source (instrument) equally. If one of them was given the facility, so the other should be given the same facility."

"Setiap pihak yang berinvestasi dalam saham mengharapkan dividen dan atau capital gains. Perseroan dalam membagi dividen kepada pemegang sahamnya mempunyai dua cara yaitu secara tunai dan non tunai. Metode non tunai yang terkenal adalah share buy back. Perlakuan pajak atas penghasilan dari transaksi share buy back dapat dikenakan sebagai dividen atau capital gains. Perlakuan sebagai dividen atau capital gains menjadi rumit di lapangan karena adanya beberapa bentuk dan kondisi share buy back yang berbeda. Adanya beberapa bentuk dan kondisi share buy back yang berbeda perlu dipelajari dan dicermati secara baik oleh pembuat kebijakan perpajakan untuk merumuskan bagaimana seharusnya perlakuan perpajakan terhadap penghasilan dari transaksi share buy back yang diterima atau diperoleh pemegang saham. Kebijakan perpajakan diharapkan mengacu kepada hakekat ekonomi yang terjadi dalam setiap Janis transaksi share buy back Dengan demikian asas keadilan, netralitas dan kepastian hukum bagi Wajib Pajak dapat diterapkan dengan baik.Pokok permasalahan tesis ini adalah bagaimana penentuan obyek pajak atau penentuan dasar pengenaan pajak atas penghasilan dari transaksi share buy back yang diterima atau diperoleh pemegang saham. Penghasilan tersebut diperlakukan sebagai dividen ataukah sebagai capital gains.Setiap pembagian laba ditahan kepada pemegang saham arahnya menuju ke bentuk-bentuk distribusi dividen termasuk dengan cara share buy back. Untuk itu setiap pengenaan pajak harus didasarkan pada hakekat ekonomi atas transaksi yang sebenarnya. Sehingga tambahan kemampuan ekonomi yang dinikmati wajib pajak yang terlibat dalam transaksi dapat terukur dengan baik. Di dalam Undang-undang PPh disebutkan: setiap tambahan kemampuan ekonomis yang diterima atau diperoleh wajib pajak (realized income), baik yang berasal dari Indonesia maupun dari luar Indonesia (world wide income), yang dapat dipakai untuk konsumsi atau untuk menambah kekayaan wajib pajak yang bersangkutan dengan nama dan dalam bentuk apapun (substance over form principle). Konsep tersebut akan dapat terwujud apabila asas keadilan horisontal dan keadilan vertikal diterapkan dalam tahap pembuatan peraturan sampai tahap implementasinya.Metode penelitian yang dipakai adalah metode penelitian dokumen dan lapangan. Penelitian dokumen dilakukan dengan meneliti hasil karya ilmiah dan ketentuan perudang-undangan di bidang perpajakan, perseroan terbatas, pasar modal, termasuk peraturan pelaksanaannya serta prospektus Wajib Pajak terkait. Metode penelitian lapangan dilakukan melalui wawancara kepada analis sekuritas, konsultan pajak, pejabat Bapepam dan pejabat Ditjen Pajak. Sedangkan teknik penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan tesis ini adalah deskriptif analitis.Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa belum ada ketentuan Pajak Penghasilan yang mengatur secara lengkap, jelas dan menyeluruh tentang perlakuan perpajakan atas penghasilan dari transaksi share buy back. Oleh karena itu disarankan agar segera dikaji secara seksama semua bentuk transaksi share buy back dengan mempertimbangkan ketentuan-ketentuan Undang-undang Perseroan Terbatas, Undang-undang Pasar Modal dan Tax Treaties sehingga dapat dikeluarkan peraturan Pajak Penghasilan yang mengatur secara lengkap, jelas dan menyeluruh tentang perlakuan perpajakan atas penghasilan dari transaksi share buy back.Pokok-pokok yang perlu diatur antara lain: menegaskan bahwa sumber dana share buy back dari laba ditahan merupakan pembagian dividen; dasar pengenaan dividen dari share buy back proporsional adalah atas seluruh pembayaran tetapi jika non proporsional atas selisih harga jual dan beli saja; pada saat menerima/memperoleh penghasilan share buy back tetap sebagai pemegang saham diperlakukan sebagai dividen tetapi jika bukan pemegang saham lagi penghasilan tersebut diperlakukan sebagai capital gains; kepemilikan saham secara efektif tidak berubah setelah share buy back merupakan dividen atas seluruh pembayaran tetapi jika berubah pengenaan dividen hanya atas selisih harga jual dan beli.Untuk mempertahankan prinsip keadilan dan netralitas sebaiknya tarif pajak atas dividen dari berbagai bentuk transaksi share buy back mengacu pada Pasal 23 UU PPh yaitu 15% dan memperhatikan realisasi penghasilan yang sesungguhnya. Atas penghasilan tersebut digabungkan dengan penghasilan lain (global income/global taxation) dan dikenakan satu macam tarif progressif yaitu tarif Pasal 17 UU PPh dengan memperhitungkan pajak yang telah dipotong sesuai definisi penghasilan yang diamanatkan dalam Pasal 4 ayat (1) UU PPh."

"Skripsi ini membahas perlakuan Undang-undang pajak penghasilan terhadap wajib pajak orang pribadi wanita yang bekerja hanya pada satu pemberi kerja pada tahun 2008. Undang-undang PPH Indonesia memandang laki-laki sebagai pencari penghasilan karena itu bila wanita telah menikah maka wanita tidak berhak memperoleh Penghasilan Tidak Kena Pajak, yang mendapatkannya adalah laki-laki sebagai suami. Pemberian PTKP ini menentukan besarnya PPh yang harus dibayar yang berarti juga mempengaruhi besar take home pay yang diperoleh. Bila wanita dan suami dalam suatu perkawinan sama-sama bekerja dan tidak pisah harta ataupun pisah harta, yang berhak memperoleh PTKP kawin dan tanggungan adalah suami. Begitupula bila telah hidup berpisah. Jika seorang wanita pekerja dan suaminya pengangguran maka untuk mendapatkan PTKP tanggungan suami, wanita tersebut harus mendapatkan keterangan dari Pemerintah Daerah setempat dan hal ini tidak berlaku untuk kebalikannya, yaitu bila wanita tidak bekerja maka suami tidak perlu mendapatkan keterangan apapun dari Pemerintah Daerah setempat.

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This script is explains about the income tax treatment applied to women's individual taxpayer that only works for one employer in 2008. Viewed by the income tax treatment, man is the one who looking for money, so, married women not entitled to earn personal's exemption, the one who earn it is man as the husband. This giving of personal exemption determine how much tax income that must be paid which also determine how much take home pay that we earned. If women and husband in a marriage work together and do not split the property or split it, the one that entitled to earn the personal exemption for married status and dependents is the husband. Also the same if divorced. If a women is worker and her husband is unemployment, so, to earn a dependent husband of personal exemption, that women must get a detail from local government and this is not applicable to its reverse, such as if women is unemployment, so, husband doesn't need to get any detail from local government."

"Hadirnya Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2008 merupakan perubahan baru bagi Wajib Pajak khususnya Wajib Pajak badan. Salah satu perubahan yang terdapat dalam undang-undang tersebut adalah pemberian fasilitas pengurangan tarif Pajak Penghasilan (PPh) bagi Wajib Pajak badan Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM). Pengurangan tarif tersebut dikarenakan adanya perubahan tarif pada Pasal 17 yaitu tarif umum PPh bagi Wajib Pajak badan. Kebijakan tersebut sangat menarik, karena fasilitas yang diberikan kepada Wajib Pajak berdasarkan peredaran bruto. Peredaran bruto yang dimiliki oleh sebuah UMKM dapat mempengaruhi pajak yang terhutang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan pengurangan tarif PPh badan melalui Pasal 31E Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2008 ditinjau dari sisi keadilan pemungutan pajak. Konsep utama yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah konsep fasilitas atau insentif pajak dan konsep keadilan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu melalui pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis data kualitatif. Data kualitatif diperoleh melalui studi literatur dan wawancara mendalam. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan maka dihasilkan kesimpulan bahwa kebijakan yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah melalui Pasal 31E Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2008, tidak mencerminkan keadilan baik dari segi keadilan horizontal maupun keadilan vertikal. Dalam mencapai suatu keadilan sebaiknya perumus kebijakan memberikan batasan fasilitas tersebut berdasarkan Penghasilan Kena Pajak dan bukan peredaran bruto.

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The presence of Tax Laws No. 36/2008 is a new change for taxpayers, especially company taxpayers. One of the changes in the law is the reduction policy of taxon-revenue of micro-small-intermediate company taxpayer. The reduction is given due to the change of rate in the Article 17, which is general tax-on-revenue rate of company taxpayers. The policy is so interesting because the facility given to taxpayer is based on bruto circulation. Bruto circulation of a micro-smallintermediate company can influence the tax liability. This research aims to analyze the reduction policy of tax-on-revenue of micro-small-intermediate company taxpayer through Article 31E of Tax Laws No.36/2008 observed from equity principle in taxation. The main concepts used in this research are concept of facility or tax incentive and concept of equity principles. Research method used in quantitive approach with qualitative data analysis. Qualitative data is obtained from literature study and in-depth interview. The result is that the policy issued by the government through Article 31E in Tax Laws No.36/2008 does not reflect equity, both from horizontal and vertical equity principle. In achieving equity, the policy maker should give limitations of the facility, based on taxable revenue instead of bruto circulation."

"Skripsi ini membahas tentang pemenuhan kriteria asas-asas perpajakan dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 51 Tahun 2008. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui asas-asas perpajakan apa saja yang terpenuhi dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 51 Tahun 2008. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan design deskriptif. Pemberlakuan surut Peraturan Pemerintah Nomo 51 Tahun 2008 menimbulkan banyak kerugian bagi Wajib Pajak. Mereka diwajibkan untuk membayar pajak yang terutang bukan pada waktu memperoleh penghasilan (prinsip ability to pay tidak terpenuhi). Perubahan-perubahan peraturan perpajakan atas penghasilan dari usaha jasa konstruksi merepotkan Wajib Pajak karena membuat mereka harus berulang kali mengajukan permohonan pemindahbukuan pajak yang telah dibayar. Pengenaan PPh final bagi seluruh Wajib Pajak usaha konstruksi juga sangat tidak adil karena pengenaan pajak tidak lagi memperhatikan keadaan Wajib Pajak sedang untung atau rugi. Revenue adequacy principle terpenuhi dalam peraturan ini. Equity principle tidak terpenuhi. Certainty principle terpenuhi karena dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 51 Tahun 2008 pengenaan PPh final atas usaha jasa konstruksi menjadi pasti, tapi convinience sebagai salah satu unsur dari certainty tidak terpenuhi.

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This thesis discusses about the fulfillment of the criteria of the principles of taxation in Government Regulation No. 51 of 2008. The purpose of this study is to determine the principles of taxation what is fulfilled in Government Regulation No. 51 of 2008. The method used is descriptive qualitative research design. Enabling ebb Government Regulation No. 51 Year 2008 caused much loss to taxpayers. They are required to pay the tax due is not earning at the time (the principle of ability to pay is not met). Changes in tax regulations on business income taxpayers inconvenient construction because they must repeatedly make the transfer request is filed taxes already paid. Imposition of the final income tax for the entire construction business taxpayers also very unfair because the taxation is no longer concern the taxpayer is lucky or loss. Revenue-adequacy principle is fulfilled in this rule. Equity principle is not fulfilled. Certainty principle is fulfilled because the Government Regulation Number 51 Year 2008 final imposition of income tax on construction services business to be sure, but convenience as one element of certainty is not met."

"An employee stock option issued as a form of compensation. Employee stock option are mostly offered to management as part of their executive compensation package. They are also offered to lower staff. Employee stock options (ESOP) are issued as a private contract between the employer and employee. Depending on the vesting schedule and the maturity of the options, the employee may elect to exercise the options at whatever stock price was used as the strike price. At that point, the employee may sell the stock or hold on to it in the hope of further price appreciation. There are a variety of differences in the tax treatment of ESOP having to do with their use as compensation. The fact that the benefits from employee stock option are tax at different times in different countries is a difficulties. Also, same country may tax different parts of the benefits at different times. Based on this problem, the writer is attracted to make a research on the Income Tax Treatment Analysis on Employee Stock Option.The point of this analysis is to find when the income tax should be taxable on the benefit from the ESOP, clasiffy the benefit derived from the ESOP and analyze the international tax issue arising from ESOP. The research approach used is qualitative and the method used is descriptive. It means that the research purpose is to describe and analyze the Income Tax Treatment on Employee Stock Option. The analysis will focus on the tax treatment from the employee point of view. The data collected through in-depth interview between the researcher and the informant considered related to this research.After the research completed, there is three conclusions of this research. First, it is concluded that the Income Tax will be taxable when the stock acquired by the option is sold. This treatment is used based on the realization of income principle. Second, the classification of benefit from ESOP treated as employment income in total or split into employment income and capital gain. And the third, a variety of differences in the tax treatment of ESOP can caused the conflict in international taxation which make double taxation and double non taxation between countries. The double taxation and double non taxation can be minimized through the credit and exemption method provided by countries."

"The sharp increase in oil price automatically will benefit the oil producer, in Indonesia they are production sharing contractor. They receive excess profit from the high sales price in access of increasing oil price. The excess profit usually called as windfall profit, which is an unearned, unanticipated gain in income through no additional effort. This favourable condition on the contrary cause unequal income distribution, where the fairness rationale was strongly influenced by impact of higher energy prices on poorer consumers, where there will be more money on energy expenditure. This condition indicates the declining of government's ability to do their duty in giving transfer payment for citizen, especially petroleum subsidy.This condition had ever hapenned in Indonesia in 1974, when arising oil prices generated windfall profits for the oil company. The political climate at that time dictated that if there was a windfall, then most of that windfall should benefit the government. In order to comply it, negotiations were started through New Deal Agreement. In another country, this happened in United States of America in 1980, where the Federal Government enacted a special federal excise tax called the crude oil windfall profit tax. The tax was enacted basically to recoup much of the large increase in oil industry profits that was anticipated from the decontrol of oil price. The tax was imposed on the difference between the market price of oil, which was called as removal price and the base price that was adjusted quaterly for inflation and state severance tax.Since the fourth generation of Production Sharing Contract in Indonesia, there has not been regulation yet accomodated windfall profit, also in the section of contract. By looking at the history and taking a look at nowaday's sitiuation, the government of Indonesia can consider to enact regulation about windfall profit received by production sharing contractor. This research try to study the windfall profit received by production sharing contractor observed from income tax regulations, especially the concept of income. This research uses qualitative approach descriptive type by using literature, in depth interview, and historical analysis. After all, it shows that windfall profit is excess income received because of the increasing of oil price. So naturally windfall profit is a kind of income according to income concept contempelated by Schainz, Haig, and Simon (SHS Concept) which also adopted by section about Income in Indonesian Income Tax Regulation. By looking at the history, it is recommended for the government of Indonesia to give special treatment in calculating the windfall profit as part of production sharing contractor's income. To calculate windfall profit, it depends on the government regulation regarding how to define windfall profit. What kind of price or threshold price will be used as the base price in determining profit which generates windfall profit.For now, windfall profit can be resulted from the difference between realized market price and Indonesian Crude Price (ICP) multiplied by contractor share. It is caused by ICP which supposed to be a market price of Indonesian oil can not reflect it, because the fact is the ICP always stand below the realized market price, like market price determined by OPEC. This will generate loss potention for Indonesia, where the contractor pay the tax with ICP meanwhile they sell their oil from Indonesia based on realized market price. This recommended formula also to reflect the tax payment of contractor is according to arm's length price. If the windfall profit included in part of contractor's income and multiplied with 44% which is the tax rate applied for contractor, it will raise the change in production sharing, which in favor of government of Indonesia. This thing need the government's attention, calculation, and consideration about this recommended formula. Another several things needed to be considered by the government of Indonesia is the economic, law, and political aspects. So if this policy will be applied, it will reflect the equity between government of Indonesia and the contractor as foreign investor. And Indonesia will not be harmed any more by the condition of the sharp increase in oil price so it will help to enhance the prosperity of Indonesian citizen."

"Berlakunya Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) No. 46 Tahun 2013 membuat Norma Penghitungan Penghasilan Neto yang diatur di Pasal 14 Undang ? Undang Pajak Penghasilan (UU PPh) tidak lagi berlaku bagi Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi yang menjalankan kegiatan usaha dengan peredaran bruto dibawah Rp. 4,8 miliar setahun. Kebijakan tersebut dalam rangka penyederhanaan pelaksanaan kewajiban perpajakan bagi WP Orang Pribadi. Penelitian kuantitatif, dengan survey dan wawancara mendalam bertujuan membandingkan penggunaan Norma Penghitungan Penghasilan Neto dan Pajak Penghasilan Final 1% dalam pemenuhan kewajiban Pajak Penghasilan Orang Pribadi ditinjau dari asas simplicity. Ketentuan Norma Penghitungan Penghasilan Neto dan Pajak Penghasilan Final 1% bagi Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi telah memenuhi asas simplicity.

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Government Regulation No. 46 Year 2013 made Deemed Profit which is regulated in Article 14 of Income Tax Act is no longer applied to the Individual Taxpayer who is carrying on business activities with a gross turnover of less than Rp. 4.8 billion a year. This quantitative approach used survey and in-depth interview as collection data technique. The research focused to compare the use of Deemed Profit and Final Income Tax 1% in the fulfillment of Personal Income Tax liability in terms of simplicity. As a result, simplicity has been felt by Individual Taxpayer who used Deemed Profit and Final Income Tax 1%."

"Seiring dengan pertumbuhan teknologi yang pesat, kebutuhan masyarakat akan teknologi semakin meningkat. Perdagangan melalui internet ataupun secara elektronis mulai digunakan. Kemajuan pesat tersebut sebaiknya dilengkapi dengan Ide-ide kreatif untuk menyediaan konten-konten menarik. Berkembangnya industri kreatif yang didukung oleh infrastruktur teknologi membuka peluang usaha baru yaitu content provider. Bisnis tersebut tentunya tidak terlepas dari pengenaan pajak, terutama PPN. Penelitian ini membahas perlakuan Pajak Pertambahan Nilai atas transaksi-transaksi yang dilakukan oleh content provider.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi transaksi-transaksi yang dilakukan oleh content provider yang kebanyakan transaksi download atas digitized goods, sehingga seringkali susah untuk diidentifikasi penyerahannya. Kemudian, hal ini akan menyangkut pengidentifikasiaan content provider sebagai PKP yang seringkali menjalankan usahanya melalui website (virtual office). Penentuan waktu dan tempat terutang pajaknya juga sama pentingnya untuk diidentifikasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan tipe penelitian deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan penelitian kepustakaan dan penelitian lapangan, dengan didukung wawancara mendalam.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa content provider merupakan Pengusaha Kena Pajak yang melakukan penyerahan barang dan jasa dalam ruang lingkup PPN.

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The rapid growth of technology is followed by the rise of human need on technology. Electronic trade through internet is often carried out currently. Regarding those condition, trade should be complemented by creative idea, in order to provide some interesting content. The growing of creative industry, whose implementation is supported by technology infrastructure, sets off a new business field opportunity, which is content provider. In any case, tax will be imposed on that business, particularly Value Added Tax (VAT). This research is focused on the treatment of VAT toward transactions which are performed by content provider.

The purpose of this research is to identify transactions which are performed by content provider; most of them are download transactions (digitized goods). Therefore, some supplies are often hardly identified whether they are taxable supplies or not. Moreover, this is related to content provider's identification as a taxable person, as regards its business operation is often implemented through website (virtual office). The determination of time and place of consumption is important to be identified as well. This research was using qualitative approach with descriptive research. Researcher was using library research and field research and fully supported by in-depth interview in her collecting data methods.

The result of this research shows content provider is a taxable person who carries out taxable supplies in the term of VAT."