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"ABSTRAK Information technology (IT) has radically changed the way we work, communicate, and play, and increased our productivity enormously. In the education sector, IT has also become an indispensable tool for learning, teaching, and research. "

"Studies in education from the department of education of The State University of Iowa The present practice o f accrediting high schools in vogue in the Middle West raises the question: What should be regarded a fair basis for determining the fitness o f high school graduates for entrance to college? Should it be a system of marks, absolute or literal, based upon oral or written tests or set examinations, or should it be a descriptive statement based upon the combined judgments of all the teachers stated qualitatively? The plan o f accrediting high schools frankly accepts the judgment o f the high school teacher as regards the fitness o f her pupils to enter upon college work..."

"Penelitian ini menjelaskan bantuan yang diberikan oleh Rockefeller Foundation bagi dunia pendidikan tinggi di Indonesia dalam studi kasus program University Development di Universitas Gadjah Mada. Bantuan ini merupakan bagian dari fokus program yang ditujukan untuk negara berkembang di Asia, Afrika, dan Amerika Latin. Fokus penelitian ini adalah pada bentuk bantuan yang diberikan, dan pengaruh bantuan tersebut terhadap Universitas Gadjah Mada dan dunia pendidikan tinggi di Indonesia. Rockefeller Foundation dalam hal ini memilih Universitas Gadjah Mada sebagai fokus bantuannya di Indonesia dengan memperbanyak cendekiawan yang berkontribusi terhadap dunia pendidikan tinggi Indonesia. Dalam upaya ini Rockefeller Foundation mengeluarkan dua jenis bantuan, yaitu secara fisik berupa pembangunan infrastruktur, dan pengadaan alat yang menunjang perkuliahan, dan non fisik yang berupa pemberian beasiswa, dan pengiriman staf ahli Rockefeller Foundation. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri dari heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Dalam proses heuristik penelitian ini mengangkat arsip dan dokumen yang dimiliki oleh Rockefeller Foundation dalam periode 1971-1983 . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menambah pemahaman bahwa perkembangan pendidikan tinggi di Indonesia tidak terlepas dari kontribusi pihak asing, termasuk Rockefeller Foundation dalam kurun waktu 1971-1983. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa bantuan yang diberikan terfokus kepada ilmu sosial, kesehatan, dan agrikultur. Beasiswa yang diberikan Rockefeller Foundation berhasil meningkatkan kuantitas dan kualitas pengajar di Universitas Gadjah Mada. Bantuan Rockefeller Foundation juga memiliki peran dalam pembangunan beberapa pusat studi di Universitas Gadjah Mada. Pada tahun 1976 Rockefeller Foundation menetapkan bahwa program University Development di Universitas Gadjah Mada akan diakhiri pada tahun 1983 karena dianggap bantuan yang diberikan telah mencapai target, dan faktor finansial yang dialami Rockefeller Foundation.

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This research explains about Rockefeller Foundation aid for Indonesia higher education in case study of University Development Program for Gadjah Mada University. This aid is part of program focus serving least-developed countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The focus of this research is on the form of aid provided, and the impact of this aid on Gadjah Mada University and the higher education in Indonesia. Rockefeller Foundation in this case chose Gadjah Mada University as the focus of assistance in Indonesia by increasing the number of scholars who contribute to the higher education in Indonesia. In this effort, the Rockefeller Foundation issued two types of assistance, namely physical in the form of infrastructure development and procurement of tools that support lectures, and non-physical in the form of providing scholarships, and sending Rockefeller Foundation experts. This research uses historical methods consisting of heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The heuristic process of this research raised archives and documents owned by Rockefeller Foundation in the 1971-1983 periode. This research aims to increase understanding that the development of higher education in Indonesia cannot be separated from the contribution of foreign parties, including the Rockefeller Foundation during 1971-1983 periode. This research proves that the aid provided is focused on social science, health science, and agricultural science. The Rockefeller Foundation scholarships have succeed in increasing the quantity and quality of teachers at Gadjah Mada University. The Rockefeller Foundation aid has also played a role in the construction of several study centers at Gadjah Mada University. In 1976, the Rockefeller Foundation determined that the University Development Program in Gadjah Mada University would end in 1983, because it was considered that the aid provided had reached the target, and the financial factors experienced by the Rockefeller Foundation."

"ABSTRAKThis paper compares the fortunes of the Japan Socialist Party and the British Labour Party during a crucial period in both party's histories. The key question being addressed is why two parties that were so similar at the start of this period should have had such a marked divergence in their electoral achievements as the second half of this period progressed. "