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"Following the launch of the world of work report the new annual report of the ILO's International Instute for Labour studies, this note presents the contents of the first report in this series, subtiled "Income inequalities in the age of financial globalization."

"Laporan magang ini membahas hasil evaluasi proses financial due diligence pada tahap akuisisi yang dilakukan terhadap PT SKY dan PT BLUE oleh KAP SSS atas permintaan klien PT SEA. PT SEA merupakan perusahaan penyediaan jasa investasi khususnya dalam industri pertambangan dan pengolahan hasil tambang, berencana mengakuisisi PT BLUE yaitu perusahaan operasi dan eksplorasi pertambangan nikel, dengan membeli saham dari PT SKY yang bergerak di bidang pertambangan dan perdagangan batu bara dan mineral. Proses financial due diligence terbagi menjadi delapan kegiatan. Proses financial due diligence dievaluasi dengan membandingkan kesesuaian prosedur dengan teori penugasan financial due diligence oleh Sayuthi (2010) dan Standar Jasa Terkait (SJT) 4400 (2017) oleh IAPI. Secara umum, proses financial due diligence atas PT SKY dan PT BLUE telah sesuai dengan teori Sayuthi (2010). Namun, jika dibandingkan dengan SJT 4400 (2017), proses financial due diligence masih belum memenuhi satu dari tujuh kriteria yang ditetapkan, yaitu tidak sesuainya format laporan prosedur yang digunakan oleh KAP SSS dengan standar yang berlaku.

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This internship report discusses the results of the evaluation of the financial due diligence process at the acquisition stage conducted on PT SKY and PT BLUE by KAP SSS at the request of the client, PT SEA. PT SEA, an investment service provider company for the mining manufacturing and processing industry, plans to acquire PT BLUE, a nickel mining operations and exploration company, by buying shares from PT SKY which is engaged in mining and trading in coal and minerals. The financial due diligence process is divided into eight activities. The financial due diligence process was evaluated by comparing the conformity of the procedure with the theory of financial due diligence assignment by Sayuthi (2010) and Standar Jasa Terkait (SJT) 4400 (2017) by IAPI. In general, the financial due diligence process of PT SKY and PT BLUE is in accordance with theory by Sayuthi (2010). However, when compared with SJT 4400 (2017), the financial due diligence process does not meet one of the seven established criteria, namely the discrepancy between the reporting format used by KAP SSS with applicable standard."

"Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya voluntary self exclusion adalah karena alasan religiusitas. Sebagai contoh, negara OKI dengan mayoritas penduduk Muslim, memiliki tingkat inklusi keuangan lebih rendah dibandingkan rata – rata negara di dunia. Individu di negara OKI cenderung lebih religius, sehingga adanya kebutuhan yang lebih besar untuk layanan keuangan syariah. Industri keuangan syariah sendiri secara signifikan mengalami pertumbuhan selama satu dekade terakhir. Ditemukan juga bahwa negara OKI dengan perbankan syariah memiliki tingkat inklusi yang sedikit lebih tinggi. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh perkembangan keuangan syariah terhadap inklusi keuangan di 30 negara OKI pada tahun 2015 – 2022. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kinerja keuangan syariah secara signifikan berpengaruh positif, meskipun kecil, terhadap inklusi keuangan. Dengan menggunakan metode penghitungan Index of Financial Inclusion (IFI) oleh Sarma dan data Islamic Finance Development Indicator (IFDI), ditemukan juga adanya pengaruh signifikan antara GDP per kapita dan tingkat pengangguran terhadap inklusi keuangan.

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One of the factors contributing to voluntary self-exclusion is religious reasons. For example, in OIC countries, where the majority of the population is Muslim, the level of financial inclusion is lower compared to the global average. Individuals in OIC countries tend to be more religious, leading to a greater need for Islamic financial services. The Islamic finance industry itself has significantly grown over the past decade. It is also found that OIC countries with Islamic banking have slightly higher inclusion rates. Thus, this research aims to analyze the impact of Islamic financial development on financial inclusion in 30 OIC countries from 2015 to 2022. The results indicate that Islamic financial performance significantly and positively influences financial inclusion, albeit to a small extent. Using the Index of Financial Inclusion (IFI) method by Sarma and the Islamic Finance Development Indicator (IFDI) data, it was also found that there is a significant impact between GDP per capita and unemployment rate on financial inclusion."

"With a declining birthrate and an aging population, Japan is increasingly finding itself in deeper financial difficulties. Recognizing these conditions, the government is now examining a framework for maintaining fiscal sustainability, mainly at the Council of Economic and fiscal policy....."

"Studi ini meneliti hubungan antara diversifikasi pendapatan, praktik ESG (Environmental, Social, dan Governance) dan faktor spesifik bank terhadap financial sustainability di ASEAN-5 selama periode 2012-2021. Sampel penelitian yang digunakan adalah 25 bank publik yang terdaftar pada lembaga bursa masing-masing negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan Pertumbuhan Return on Assets untuk mengukur financial sustainability serta metode Random Effect Models untuk analisis pengaruh di dalam variabel penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan diversifikasi pendapatan secara signifikan meningkatkan keberlanjutan keuangan bank. Namun, ditemukan bahwa praktik ESG tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keberlanjutan keuangan bank. Terakhir, faktor spesifik NIM (Net Interest Margin) juga secara signifikan meningkatkan keberlanjutan keuangan. Selanjutnya, Cap (Capitalization) berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap keberlanjutan keuangan bank.

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This study examines the relationship between income diversification, ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) practices and bank’s specific factors on the financial sustainability in ASEAN-5 over the period 2012-2021. The sample consists a total of 25 public listed banks from the sample country. This study uses the growth of Return on Assets to measure financial sustainability and the Random Effect Models to analyse the influence of ESG practices and bank’s specific factors on financial sustainability. The results showed that income diversification significantly increases bank’s financial sustainability. However, ESG practices do not have a significant effect on the financial sustainability of banks. Finally, the specific factor of NIM (Net Interest Margin) significantly increases bank’s financial sustainability. However, Capitalization significantly decreases bank’s financial sustainability."

"Penelitian in menguji pengaruh pengungkapan Environmental , Social, Governance (ESG terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan yang termasuk ke dalam industri Environmentally Sensitive di wilayah ASEAN. Penelitian meliputi sampel 36 perusahaan dari tahun 2013 hingga 2023 dengan menggunakan regresi data panel. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa skor penilaian pengungkapan ESG secara keseluruhan memiliki efek positif terhadap kinerja keuangan (ROA, ROE, dan Tobins Q). Implikasi penelitian ini memberi manfaat bagi perusahaan serta dalam pengembangan nilai ESG yang dapat meningkatkankan kinerja perusahaan dengan memungkinkan perusahaan untuk membangun reputasi yang solid dan menjaga kepercayaan pemangku kepentingan. Dalam konteks industri perusahaan yang sensitif terhadap lingkungan. Temuan peneliti memberikan wawasan empiris tentang hubungan antara keberhasilan perusahaan dan kinerja ESG. Temuan ini juga memberikan wawasan tentang pentingnya integreasi ESG dalam seluruh operasi bisnis.

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This study examines the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure on the financial performance of companies in environmentally sensitive industries within the ASEAN region. The research includes a sample of 36 companies over the period from 2012 to 2023 using panel data regression. The findings indicate that the overall ESG disclosure score has a positive effect on financial performance (ROA, ROE, and Tobin's Q). The implications of this study are beneficial for companies and governments in developing ESG values that can enhance corporate performance by enabling firms to build a solid reputation and maintain stakeholder trust. In the context of environmentally sensitive industries, the researchers' findings provide empirical insights into the relationship between corporate success and ESG performance. These findings also highlight the importance of integrating ESG into all business operations."