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"The role of faction as people's representatives was analyzed by the writer due to the reason that it played important role in influencing their members decisions in parliament...."

"Penelitian tentang ?Peranan Partai Politik Terhadap Integrasi Nasional yang mengambil studi kasus Partai Amanat Nasional? ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peranan parpol dalam mengintegrasikan aspirasi masyarakat didalam menjaga kohesifitas bangsa Indonesia; Mengkaji peranan PAN dalam meningkatkan aspek integrasi nasional.Penelitian memakai metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan permasalahan secara asosiatif kepada Partai Amanat Nasional dimana sumber data berasal dari sumber primer yang berjumlah 15 orang yakni Para pendiri PAN dan tokohtokoh senior PAN,Pengurus DPP PAN, dan sumber sekunder. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan indikator ideologi, pola rekrutmen, pola pengorganisasian, sebaran dukungan, kebijakan dari partai - terutama yang terkait dengan integrasi nasional.Adapun teori atau pendapat para ahli yang digunakan untuk melakukan penelitian berkisar seputar teori peranan, partai politik, integrasi nasional, dan ketahanan nasional, sehingga diperoleh kesimpulan sebagai berikut: Pertama, Partai Amanat Nasional melaksanakan peran integrasi nasional melalui fungsinya sebagai sarana komunikasi, sosialisasi, rekrutmen politik, dan pengatur konflik serta tetap menjadi sarana artikulasi dan mengaggregasi kepentingan. Namun peranan parpol terhadap integrasi nasional mengalami penurunan kualitas karena perluasan partisipasi masyarakat tidak berbanding lurus dengan kemampuan sumberdaya parpol, termasuk lembaga-lembaga negara lainnya; Kedua, PAN memiliki peran penting bagi terwujudnya integrasi nasional. Partai Amanat Nasional sebagai partai terbuka dapat menunjang penguatan aspek integrasi nasional Indonesia sebagai bangsa majemuk. Ketiga, Euforia politik selama reformasi menjadikan negara pada posisi tidak stabil akibat ledakan partisipasi rakyat yang tidak mampu dikelola oleh institusi politik yang ada. Hal demikian disadari oleh partai - partai politik , karena itu ia melalui kadernya di badan legislatif mulai membuat regulasi jumlah partai melalui pemilu agar bisa menciptakan iklim yang lebih kondusif bagi ketahanan nasional bersendikan demokrasi. Artinya, parpol sadar akan pentingnya sistem multi partai terbatas (proporsional) dalam rangka konsolidasi demokrasi sehingga tercipta kohesi sosial dengan melibatkan partisipasi masyarakat.Terkait dengan temuan penelitian ini, peneliti merekomendasikan agar peranan partai politik terhadap integrasi nasional bisa lebih maksimal, maka setiap parpol perlu segera berbenah diri dengan meningkatkan sumber daya yang dimiliki sehingga dapat mengelola partisipasi masyarakat dan mampu melembagakan konflik atau kepentingan yang saling bersaing. Oleh sebab itu, partai politik juga perlu mengetahui lingkup serta intensitas perbedaan agama dan etnis, kesenjangan antara kelompok tradisional dan kelompok modern, kesenjangan antara perkotaan dan pedesaan, termasuk ideologi - ideologi yang saling bersaing. Karena semua itu harus diagregasi dan diartikulasikan oleh partai politik yang eksis dalam pentas politik nasional. Apalagi jumlah partai politik selama transisi demokrasi sangat tergantung pada fragmentasi yang terjadi ditengahtengah masyarakat. Dengan begitu, partai politik melalui lembaga legislatif dan eksekutif harus memastikan bahwa ia melaksanakan perannya dalam memperkuat integrasi nasional dimana secara gradual mengurangi etnosentrisme yang mengancam integrasi nasional melalui Undang-undang tentang partai politik dan pemilihan umum.

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The research about " The Role Of Political Party To National Integration taking case study of PAN a conducted with the objective as a mean to describe the role of political party in integrating society aspiration in taking care of Indonesian nation cohesively; Studying the role of PAN in improving the national integration aspects.

The research used a qualitative method using an associative approach to the problem in the National Mandate Party where the source data comes from primary sources amounted to 15 people the PAN 's founders and senior figures PAN , PAN DPP Board , and secondary sources . The study was conducted using the indicator ideology , recruitment patterns , patterns of organization , distribution support, the policy of the party - especially those related to national integration The theory or opinion of experts who used to do the research revolves around the theory of the role of political parties , national integration , and national defense , thus obtained the following conclusions : First , the National Mandate Party in the role of national integration through its function as a means of communication , socialization , recruitment political and regulatory conflict and remains a means of articulation and aggregate interests . However, the role of political parties towards national integration deteriorated due to the expansion of public participation is not directly proportional to the ability of the resources of political parties , including the institutions of other countries; Secondly , PAN has an important role for the realization of national integration . PAN as the party is open to support the strengthening of national integration aspect of Indonesia as a pluralistic nation. Third , the political euphoria over reforms to make the country unstable position due to the explosion of popular participation is not capable of being managed by the existing political institutions . It thus realized by the party - political parties , because it was he by its cadres in the legislature began to regulate the number of the party through the election in order to create a climate more conducive to national security bersendikan democracy . That is, the parties are aware of the importance of multi-party system is limited ( proportional ) in order to consolidate democracy in order to create social cohesion with community participation .

Related to these findings , the researchers recommended that the role of political parties towards national integration could be maximal , then any political party should immediately improve itself by increasing its resources so that it can manage public participation and able to institutionalize conflict or competing interests. Therefore , political parties also need to know the scope and intensity of religious and ethnic differences , the gap between the traditional and the modern groups , the gap between urban and rural , including ideologies - ideologies competing . Because it must be aggregated and articulated by the political parties that exist in the national political stage Moreover, the number of political parties during a democratic transition depends on the fragmentation occurring in the midst of society . By doing so , the political parties through the legislature and the executive should ensure that it carry out its role in strengthening national integration which gradually reduces ethnocentrism threatening national integration through legislation on political parties and elections."

"Skripsi ini menjelaskan mengenai proses tranformasi politik Gerakan Aceh Merdeka menjadi Partai Aceh dari pasca perundingan Helsinki hingga Pemilu Legislatif 2009 Kemarin. Setelah perjanjian damai Republik Indonesia dan Gerakan Aceh Merdeka di tanda-tangani diHelsinki, Finlandia, 15 Agustus 2005. Aceh memasuki sejarah politik baru perjanjian ini relatif berhasil karena kesepakatan ?win-win solution?. GAM berhenti mengangkat senjata dan berjuang lewat jalur politik demokratis sementara Pemerintah Indonesia mendapat jaminan gagasan memisahkan diri tak lagi muncul dari provinsi paling barat indonesia itu. Peralihan GAM dari gerakan gerilya bersenjata ke dunia politik elektoral telah dipenuhi pihak GAM dengan membentuk partai politik Lokal di Aceh yang di beri nama Partai Aceh.This minor thesis explore the political transformation of The Aceh Freedom Movement Process into the Aceh Party from Helsinki Agreement until Legislative Election 2009. After the peace agreement between the Republic of Indonesia and The Aceh Freedom Movement signed in Helsinki, Finland at 15th August 2005. Aceh enter the new historical politics because this agreement relatively successful because of win-win solution. GAM stopped the weapons and fight for their aims through democratic political gain while the Indonesian government got guarantee that separatist ideas is no longer come from the mostwestern province in Indonesia. The transition of GAM from armed geurrilla movement into electoral politic has been fullfil with the established local political in Aceh namely The Aceh Party."

"Based on an analysis using the factors deemed affecting Yogyakarta Regional Representative Council (DPRD): policy factors, organizations, and environment, there are opportunities and challengers that have to be faced by the (DPRD) to carry out the function succesfully. One the opportunities is the avability of facilities and sufficient funds to support the implementation of the function. The challenges include lack of understanding of the policy and commitment to the duties as a representative among legislators due to low socialization of the policies., low quality of human resources associated with the taks that must be addresed in the council, DPRD order problem, weak support for political elites in the central and provincial councils and political parties strong control over the legislators. Challengers, the existing Yogyakarta council must immediately make creative effort to overcome them by developing the members human resources quality, improving understanding of the role of a legislator, revising the orders, estabilishing smooth coordination between central and provencial political elites and reducing the power of political parties control to the legislator in states loosely based on their aspirations. The last factor that affects the implementation of the legislative function of the DPRD is the environmental factor. This factor consists of the political environment, bureaucratic, elites, political parties and society"

"Skripsi ini membahas peran resolusi konflik yang dilaksanakan oleh partai Sinn Fein di Irlandia Utara dari tahun 1998 hingga 2011. Resolusi konflik dilaksanakan sebagai reaksi atas konflik berkepanjangan yang terjadi antara kaum Nasionalis dan Unionis di tahun 1969 dengan nama The Troubles. Sinn Fein mewakili kaum Nasionalis sebagai partai politik yang memperjuangkan kepentingan kaumnya termasuk proses perdamaian. Dalam kasus ini penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk melihat penjelasan sejarah sebagai salah satu pendekatakan resolusi konflik. Penelitian ini melihat resolusi konflik melalui model teori Johan Galtung yang melihat konsep peacemaking, peacekeeping, dan peacebuilding sebagai analisa proses perdamaian yang komprehensif. Melalui teori tersebut kita dapat melihat peran Sinn Fein sebagai satu partai politik yang memiliki keterlibatan signifikan dalam proses perdamaian.

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This thesis describes Sinn Fein role in Northern Ireland conflict resolution from 1998 to 2011. The cconflict resolution was done as a respond to the long conflict that involves the Nationalist and Unionist people in 1969 by the name of The Troubles. Sinn Fein represent the Nationalist as a political party that struggle for their interest including the peace process. The writer uses a qualitative method by the description of history as a conflict resolution approach. This research sees conflict resolution from Johan Galtung model theory that consist of peacemaking, peacekeeping, and peacebuilding for the peace process analysis. We can see Sinn Fein role in the conflict resolution by using those theory as a political party that has a significant involvement in the peace process."

"[Tugas Karya Akhir ini membahas mengenai proses perumusan RUU American Clean Energy and Security Act tahun 2009 RUU yang diajukan dalam Kongres Amerika Serikat ke 111 ini gagal menjadi UU karena tidak lolos dalam tahap pembahasan di tingkat Kongres Penulis menemukan bahwa pengaruh pengaruh dari kelompok korporasi dan partai politik yang diduga sebagai pendorong utama atas kegagalan tersebut Kepentingan kapitalis mereka telah mengalahkan kebutuhan atas perubahan kebijakan lingkungan dan energi Amerika Serikat Dengan metode penelitian kualitatif teori kapitalisme oleh Bruce R Scott teori perwakilan politik oleh Gilbert Abcarian dan teori kebijakan publik yang disampaikan oleh Charles Lindblom dan Edward Woodhouse dipergunakan dalam karya ini untuk menganalisis kasus tersebut ;This Paper discusses a bill rsquo s formulation process of the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 The bill that had been proposed in the US 111th Congress failed to become a law because of it didn rsquo t pass the discussion phase in the Congress I find that the influences from corporate groups and political parties are suspected as the main cause for this failure Their capitalist interests have defeated the need of changes in the environmental and energy policy in the United States This research used a qualitative method Capitalism theory from Bruce R Scott political representative theory from Gilbert Abcarian and public policy theory from Charles Lindblom Edward Woodhouse were used in this paper to analyze this case , This Paper discusses a bill rsquo s formulation process of the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 The bill that had been proposed in the US 111th Congress failed to become a law because of it didn rsquo t pass the discussion phase in the Congress I find that the influences from corporate groups and political parties are suspected as the main cause for this failure Their capitalist interests have defeated the need of changes in the environmental and energy policy in the United States This research used a qualitative method Capitalism theory from Bruce R Scott political representative theory from Gilbert Abcarian and public policy theory from Charles Lindblom Edward Woodhouse were used in this paper to analyze this case ]"