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"Production facilites are developed and invested for production activities. Plant location is a place where production facilities are located....."

"Sea crimes have happened since long ago. For centuries some areas of the world such as Malacca Straits and the South China Sea have been the target of the sea crimes. Generally, crimes at sea are an attack on the ship or boat. The criminals take a variety of valuables. International law has provided possibilities to combat the pirates. In the Strait of Malacca, for example, Indonesian government and several associated countries in Malacca have collaborated to solve these problems. In the Gulf of Aden and Somalia Offshore, the UN and various countries have tried to handle it even though the results have not been too encouraging. Key words: Sea crimes, combat, pirates"

"Pengamatan kadar zat hara fosfat dan nitrat telah dilakukan pada bulan Mei, Agustus, November 1996 dan Agustus 1997 di Laut Banda. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa kadar zat hara fosfat dan nitrat rata-rata pada bulan Agustus lebih tinggi dibandingkan bulan Mei, November dan Februari. Kadar fosfat pada bulan Agustus adalah 1.492 􀁭g.at/l sedangkan pada bulan Mei, November, dan Februari berturut-turut adalah 1.025 􀁭g.at/l, 0.878 􀁭g.at/l, dan 0.766 􀁭g.at/l. Kadar nitrat pada bulan Agustus adalah 1.932 􀁭g.at/l, sedangkan pada bulan Mei, November dan Februari berturut-turut adalah 0.975 􀁭g.at/l, 0.804 􀁭g.at/l dan 0.670 􀁭g.at/l. Hasil ini sesuai dengan analisis statistik Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) (Fh > Ft 1%). Keadaan ini ada kaitannya dengan kenaikan massa air (upwelling) di Laut Banda pada saat itu.

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The Influence of Season to Nitrate and Phosphate Content Eutrophication in Banda Sea. Observation on phosphate and nitrate nutrient content were carried out in May, August, November, 1996 and February 1997 in Banda Sea. The results showed the averages content of phosphate and nitrate in August is higher compared to May, November and February. Phosphate content in August 1.492 􀁭g.at/l, while in May, November and February are 1.025 􀁭g.at/l, 0.878 􀁭g.at/l and 0.766 􀁭g.at/l. Nitrate content in August is 1.932 􀁭g.at/l, while in May, November and February are 0.975 􀁭g.at/l, 0.804 􀁭g.at/l and 0.670 􀁭g.at/l respectively. This result fixed with statistical Analysis (Randomized Block Anova) (Fh > F t 1%). This condition is caused by upwelling process in Banda Sea at that time."

"Telah diketahui bahwa perairan Laut Banda sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor musiman yang mempengaruhi kondisi fitoplankton. Tetapi informasi kondisi fitoplankton, khusus kelompok Cyanobacteria pada Musim Peralihan belum banyak terungkap. Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian pada bulan Oktober 1998 dan November 1999 yang dianggap mewakili Musim Peralihan dengan mengambil contoh fitoplankton dari permukaan sampai kedalaman 200 m untuk mengetahui kelimpahan, komposisi dan distribusi Cyanobacteria.Kelimpahan Trichodesmium erahtraeum berkisar antara 0,02-1,2 x 102 koloni m-3, nilai tertinggi dijumpai di kedalaman 100 m dan terendah di kedalaman 200 m. Kelimpahan Trichodesmium thiebautii berkisar antara 0-8,8 x 102 sel m-3. Distribusi Trichodesmium erythraeum dijumpai pada kedalaman 50 m kelimpahannya relatif tinggi yang dipengaruhi oleh kondisi nitrat perairan (r2 =28,30 %) dan suhu perairan (r2 =17,30 %). Berdasarkan kelimpahan, keanekaragaman, kemerataan dan distribusinya Trichodesmium eryhtraeum dan Trichodesmium thiebautii mendominasi pada musim peralihan.

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Domination of Cyanobacteria at Transition Monsoon around Banda Sea Area. Banda Sea had affected by monsoon factor, this condition also influenced fitoplankton condition, but information about fitoplankton condition especially Cyanobacteria group still not complete yet. Therefore had done the researched about fitoplankton in October 1998 and November 1999, that months is regarded as vice of transition monsoon. Fitoplankton samples were taken from the surface to 200 m depth to known the abundant, composition, and distribution of Cyanobacteria.The results showed that the abundant of Trichodesmium erahtraeum varied between 0.02-1.2 x 102 coloni m-3, the highest vale found in 100 m depth and the lowest in 200 m depth. The abundance of Trichodesmium thiebautii varied between 0-8.8 x 102 cel m-3. Distribution of Trichodesmium erythraeum found until 50 m depth, their abundance high relative, this condition caused by nitrate concentration (r2 =28,30 %) and temperature (r2 =17,30 %). Based on their abundance, diversity, evenness and distribution Trichodesmium eryhtraeum dan Trichodesmium thiebautii dominated in transition monsoon."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai pengaturan terhadap laut tertutup dan laut semi tertutup dalam hukum laut. Penelitian dalam skripsi ini adalah penelitian yuridis normatif dan bersifat diskriptif. Pembahasan dalam tulisan ini membahas mengenai pengaturan hukum internasional terhadap laut tertutup dan semi tertutup pada UNCLOS 1982. Akan dibahas pula mengenai kerjasama regional atas laut tertutup dan semi tertutup serta disertai contoh-contoh pengaturan pada Laut Mediterania, Laut Karibia, Laut Kuning, Laut Hitam, dan Laut Arafura dan Timor. Akan dibandingkan pula ketentuan dari kerangka pengaturan yang ada di kelima contoh tersebut, yaitu Barcelona Convention di Laut Mediterania, Cartagena Convention di Laut Karibia, Bucharest Convention di Laut Hitam, dan ATSEF MoU di Laut Arafura dan Laut Timor. Serta akan disebutkan pelajaran apa yang dapat diambil untuk pengaturan pada Laut Arafura dan Laut Timor sebagai salah satu laut semi-tertutup dimana Indonesia memiliki kepentingan atas pengelolaannya. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyarankan agar didorongnya pembentukan pengaturan regional atas laut tertutup dan semi tertutup, serta harus segera dibentuknya kerangka pengaturan yang mengikat di Laut Arafura dan Laut Timor, dan perlu dibuat National Action Plan yang solutif untuk menghadapi Priority Environmental Concern dari Laut Arafura dan Laut Timor.

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This thesis is will describe the existing law of the sea arrangement on the enclosed sea and semi enclosed sea. This thesis is a juridical-normative research, and well be narrated on descriptive basis. First things that will be addressed on this research is the arrangements on enclosed sea and semi enclosed sea as stipulated in UNCLOS 1982. Also will be addressed is the trend of regional approach on enclosed and semi enclosed sea, and the example in Mediterranean Sea, Caribbean Sea, Yellow Sea, Black Sea, and also the existing non-binding arrangement in Arafura and Timor Sea. It will also explains about the arrangements in those sea, namely Barcelona Convention on the Mediterranean Sea, Cartagena Convention on the Caribbean Sea, Bucharest Convention on the Black Sea, and ATSEF MoU on the Arafura and Timor Sea. This research will makes a comparison out of those existing arrangements on enclosed and semi-enclosed sea, and explains what are the good example that can be applied in furthering the regional cooperation on Arafura and Timor Sea. The result of this research are the regional cooperation in enclosed,and semi enclosed sea should be encouraged, it also underlines the need for a binding arrangements in Arafura and Timor Sea. Related to Arafura and Timor Sea, there are needs for creating a National Action Plan that will address the Priority Environmental Concern thoroughly."

"ABSTRAK Tesis ini menjelaskan mengenai kerja sama keamanan maritim antara Indonesia, Malaysia dan Singapura dalam melindungi Selat Malaka dari ancaman terhadap keamanan maritim di kawasan tersebut. Tesis ini menggunakan konsep Diplomasi Maritim sebagai alat untuk mengukur keberhasilan patroli terkoordinasi di Selat Malaka. Fokus dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dinamika keamanan internasional di Asia Tenggara. Selat Malaka dipilih karena merupakan salah satu jalur perairan terpenting di dunia. Salah satu isu terbesar di Selat Malaka adalah ancaman pembajakan dan perompakan laut. Ketiga negara yang berada di sekitar Selat Malaka menanggapi ancaman ini dengan menciptakan sebuah inisiatif baru untuk mengatasi keamanan maritim yang disebut Patroli Terkoordinasi pada tahun 2004. Tesis ini menyimpulkan bahwa pemenuhan tanggung jawab untuk keamanan di Selat Malaka dapat menekan ancaman pembajakan dan perompakan laut. Patroli Koordinasi yang diselenggarakan oleh tiga negara bagian di Selat Malaka juga membuktikan bahwa Diplomasi Maritim merupakan kunci keberhasilan dalam merespon masalah kawasan bersama. Melalui Diplomasi Maritim, ketiga negara di Selat Malaka berhasil mengatasi ancaman di kawasan bersama antara ketiga negara bagian tersebut. Kata Kunci : Diplomasi Maritim, Selat Malaka, Keamanan Maritim, Patroli Terkoordinasi, Pembajakan dan Perompakan Laut

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ABSTRACTName Lintang SuproboningrumStudy Program Master rsquo s Degree International RelationsTitle The Role of Maritime Diplomacy in the Success of Indonesia Malaysia Singapore in Supressing the Number of Piracy and Armed Robbery in the Malacca Strait This thesis is study of maritime security cooperatioon among Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore in safeguarding the Malacca Strait from threats to maritime security in the area. This thesis uses Maritime Diplomacy concept as tool to measure the sucess of coordinated patrol in the Malacca Strait. The focus of this research is to analyze the dynamic of international security in the Southeast Asia. Malacca Strait is chosen because it is one of the most important waterways in the world. One of the biggest issue in the Malacca Strait is the threat of piracy and armed robbery. The three states which is located around Malacca Strait respond to this threats by creating a new initiative for tackling maritime security called Coordinated Patrol in 2004. This thesis conclude that the fulfillment of responsibility for security in the Malacca Strait can suppress the threats of piracy and armed robbery. The Coordinated Patrol held by the three states in the Malacca Strait also proves that Maritime Diplomacy is a key to the exercise of success in responding to the problems of shared area. Through Maritime Diplomacy, the three states in the Malacca Strait successfully overcome the threats to the shared area among the three states. Keyword Maritime Diplomacy, Malacca Strait, Maritime Security, Coordinated Patrol, Piracy and Armed Robbery"

"Laut telah menjadi bioma yang belakangan ini dikaitkan dengan kunci keberlanjutan masa depan – melihat dari bagaimana laut menyediakan sumber daya maupun keterjangkauan yang laut tawarkan terhadap perkembangan industri maupun ekonomi antropogenik manusia. Eksploitasi, reklamasi, dan intervensi manusia terus dilakukan atas nama keberlanjutan dalam istilah – istilah seperti “blue economy”. Padahal, pada kenyataannya manusia justru meninggalkan lebih banyak emisi daripada apa yang selama ini disadari, ataupun justru menimbulkan dampak yang menghilangkan keberlanjutan golongan yang tidak beruntung (seperti nelayan tradisional). Riset ini akan mengeksplorasi dan mereimajinasi potensi spasial oceanic noise pollution sebagai salah satu substansi emisi tak kasat mata dan tak terdengar dari pencarian keberlanjutan antropogenik terhadap laut. Memberikan konteks pengguna nelayan tradisional Cilincing sebagai protagonis bagi bioma laut, nantinya penelitiannya ini akan menginterpolasikan pendefinisian ruang eksisting nelayan Cilincing terhadap laut atas adanya bentuk respon redemptive dari kondisi ekstrem dan semi-distopik oceanic noise pollution.

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The sea becomes a biome that is associated with being a key to sustainability in the future life of humans – considering how the sea provides abundant resources and/or affordance towards the anthropogenic industrial and economic development. For the sake of ‘sustainability’, human exploit, force reclamation, and/or interfere the nature under the umbrella terms such as ‘blue economy’ and such. However in reality, humans have left much more anthropogenic footprints than what is visible to the eye, nor ironically demolishing the extant sustainability of the unfortunate community (e.g. traditional fishermen). This research will explore and reimagine the spatial potential of the oceanic noise pollution as the unheard and unseen substantive emission of the anthropogenic quest of sustainability. With the given context of the Cilincing’s traditional fishermen as the protagonist of the sea biome, this research will further interpolate the existing architectural – spatial definition of Cilincing’s traditional fishermen towards the sea biome as a redemptive response towards the extreme and quasi-dystopic case of the oceanic noise pollution."