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"This refereed volume arose from the editors' recognition that physical scientists, engineers, and applied mathematicians are developing, in parallel, solutions to problems of parallelization. The cross-disciplinary field of scientific computation is bringing about better communication between heterogeneous computational groups, as they face this common challenge. This volume is one attempt to provide cross-disciplinary communication. Problem decomposition and the use of domain-based parallelism in computational science and engineering was the subject addressed at a workshop held at the University of Minnesota Supercomputer Institute in April 1994. The authors were subsequently able to address the relationships between their individual applications and independently developed approaches. This book is written for an interdisciplinary audience and concentrates on transferable algorithmic techniques, rather than the scientific results themselves. Cross-disciplinary editing was employed to identify jargon that needed further explanation and to ensure provision of a brief scientific background for each chapter at a tutorial level so that the physical significance of the variables is clear and correspondences between fields are visible."

"Zat-zat berbahaya dalam barang elektronik berpotensi menimbulkan risiko bagi kesehatan manusia dan lingkungan. Perusahaan elektronik harus beradaptasi dan melakukan penyesuaian yang diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran publik dan mematuhi peraturan pemerintah. Memastikan tidak adanya zat berbahaya dalam produk memerlukan keterlibatan seluruh rantai pasokan, dengan pemasok memainkan peran penting sebagai penghubung awal dalam proses tersebut. Memilih pemasok yang paling sesuai dapat menjadi tantangan, membutuhkan pertimbangan yang cermat terhadap berbagai kriteria untuk mengidentifikasi pemasok hijau yang optimal bagi perusahaan. Untuk memfasilitasi pemeringkatan pemasok yang efektif, berbagai alat Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) dapat digunakan. Dalam penelitian ini, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) dan Technique for Other Preferences by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) digunakan sebagai alat bantu untuk meningkatkan proses pemilihan pemasok. Temuan penelitian mengungkapkan tiga kriteria utama dan 14 subkriteria untuk memilih pemasok ramah lingkungan dalam kondisi aktual PT XYZ. Pendapat para ahli menunjukkan bahwa kriteria lingkungan memiliki tingkat kepentingan tertinggi, diikuti oleh faktor sosial dan ekonomi. Di antara subkriteria tersebut, para ahli memprioritaskan pemilihan pemasok berdasarkan kepatuhan mereka terhadap persyaratan produk hijau. Model yang diusulkan di penelitian ini diterapkan untuk mengevaluasi kriteria pemilihan pemasok hijau, yang menghasilkan peringkat yang mempertimbangkan jarak masing- masing pemasok dari solusi ideal positif dan negatif.

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Hazardous substances in electronics pose potential risks to human health and the environment. Electronics companies must adapt and make the necessary adjustments to raise public awareness and comply with government regulations. Ensuring the absence of hazardous substances in products requires the involvement of the entire supply chain, with suppliers playing an essential role as the initial link in the process. Choosing the most suitable supplier can be challenging, requiring careful consideration of various criteria to identify the optimal green supplier for the company. To facilitate effective supplier ranking, various Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) tools can be used. In this study, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Other Preferences by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) were used as tools to enhance the supplier selection process. The research findings revealed three main criteria and 14 sub-criteria for selecting green suppliers under the actual conditions of PT XYZ. Expert opinions showed that environmental criterion has the highest level of importance, followed by social and economic factors. Experts prioritized supplier selection among the sub-criteria based on their compliance with the green product requirements. The proposed model in this study is applied to evaluate the green supplier selection criteria, which results in a ranking that considers each supplier's distance from the positive and negative ideal solutions."