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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi (1) bagaimana ragam hias keramik tempel yang ada pada keraton Kasepuhan dan keraton Kanoman di Cirebon; (2) apakah terdapat persamaan dan perbedaan dari corak ragam keramik tempel dari kedua keraton tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kedua keraton memiliki keramik yang sama, yaitu keramik dari Belanda maupun keramik dari Cina. Perbedaan keramik di antara kedua keraton yaitu bahwa jumlah keramik Belanda lebih banyak di Kasepuhan dibandingkan di Kanoman, sedangkan keramik Cina lebih banyak di Kanoman. Jenis ragam hias yang terbanyak di Kasepuhan adalah Pemandangan alam dan Jesuit ware, sedangkan di Kanoman didominasi oleh Flora dan Fauna. Warna keramik yang paling banyak di Kasepuhan adalah Biru-putih Eropa, sedangkan di Kanoman adalah warna-warna lebih cerah, Bentuk keramik paling banyak di Kasepuhan adalah bentuk tegel, sedangkan di keraton Kanoman adalah piring dan tutup cepuk.

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This study is to identify how the decorative patterns of ceramics and tiles in both palace of Kasepuhan and Kanoman, and also similarities and differences of decorative patterns in both palaces. The results show that both ceramics that were found in both palaces are from the Dutch and Chinese ceramics. The differences between both palaces are that amounts of Dutch ceramics were higher in Kasepuhan than Kanoman, while Chinese Ceramics were higher in Kanoman than Kasepuhan. Decorative type that were most found in Kasepuhan is a landscape, and followed by Jesuit ware. In Kanoman, the most ceramics that were found is flora, and followed by fauna. The dominant color in Kasepuhan is Blue and white Europe and for Kanoman is polycrom. The form of ceramics for Kasepuhan is tile and Kanoman are plates and popple."

"This research presents the use of the Rietveld method to study the phase composition of cordierite (MG2AL4SI5O18) ceramics prepared from rice husk silica, after the samples were sintered at 1300, 1400 and 1500 °C. The formation of cordierite is temperature-dependent as indicated by the relative phase composition obtained from x-ray diffraction patterns for the cordierite and spinel increased markedly withincreasing temperature, i.e, from 38.98 to 54.15 wt% and from 11.81 to 17.99 wt % following the increase in temperature from 1300-1500 °C, respectively. The above valueswere obtained with the aid of the Rietveld method, carried out until the goodness of fit values (GoF) reached below 2, which is considered a satisfactory value to reveal the real phase composition. Different plots produced by refinement using the Rietveld method also reveal a reasonable fit between the observed and the calculated plot, demonstrating the usefulness of the method for calculating the quantity of phase composition in the sintering process."