Isatin atau 1H-indol-2,3-dion, merupakan senyawa bahan alam yang dapat ditemukan dalam tanaman dari genus Isatis. Studi terhadap bioaktivitas isatin menunjukkan potensi sebagai antivirus, anti-HIV, antimikroba, antitumor, antiinflamasi, antikejang, antibakteri, dan antijamur. Pada penelitian ini, sintesis senyawa turunan oxindol dilakukan melalui dua tahap. Pertama, prekursor isatin direaksikan dengan TCCA untuk memperoleh intermediet 1, 5-kloroisatin, dan juga dengan NaNO3 untuk memperoleh intermediet 2, 5-nitroisatin. Diperoleh yield intermediet 1 sebesar 45% dan intermediet 2 sebesar 58,2%. Kemudian, senyawa prekursor, intermediet 1, dan intermediet 2 direaksikan dengan malononitril melalui reaksi Kondensasi Knoevenagel terkatalisis I2 untuk memperoleh senyawa turunan oxindol. Reaksi dioptimasi dan diperoleh kondisi optimum untuk memperoleh senyawa turunan oxindol yaitu pada 10% mol katalis, suhu reaksi 75oC, dan dalam pelarut protik, etanol. Keberhasilan sintesis senyawa intermediet dan senyawa turunan oxindol dianalisa menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT), UV-Vis, FTIR, GC-MS, LC-MS, dan Melting Point-Apparatus. Diperoleh yield senyawa turunan oxindol 1 dengan prekursor isatin sebesar 71,13%, senyawa turunan 2 dengan prekursor 5-kloroisatin 61,39%, dan senyawa turunan 3 dengan prekursor 5-nitroisatin sebesar 67,39%. Hasil uji aktivitas antimikroba pada senyawa turunan oxindol 1, 2, dan 3 menunjukkan aktivitas yang lemah terhadap bakteri uji S. aureus dan E. coli. Uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan DPPH memberikan nilai IC50 masing-masing 266,47 ppm, 220,43 ppm, dan 654,85 ppm untuk senyawa turunan oxindol 1, 2, dan 3.

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Isatin or 1H-indole-2,3-dione, is a natural compound that can be found in plants of the genus Isatis. Studies on the bioactivity of isatin show potential as antiviral, anti-HIV, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. In this study, the synthesis of oxindol derivatives was carried out in two stages. First, isatin was reacted with TCCA to obtain intermediate 1, 5-chloroisatin, and also with NaNO3 to obtain intermediate 2, 5-nitroisatin. The yield obtained of intermediate 1 is 45% and intermediate 2 is 58.2%. Then, the precursor compounds, intermediate 1, and intermediate 2 were reacted with malononitrile through the I2-catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation reaction to obtain oxindole derivatives. The reaction was optimized and optimum conditions were obtained to obtain oxindole derivatives, namely at 10% mole of catalyst, reaction temperature of 75oC, and in protic solvent, ethanol. The success of the synthesis of intermediates and oxindol derivatives was analyzed using thin layer chromatography (TLC), UV-Vis, FTIR, GC-MS, LC-MS, and Melting Point-Apparatus. The yield of oxindol derivative compound 1 with isatin as the precursor was 71.13%, derivative compound 2 with 5-chloroisatin as the precursor was 61.39%, and derivative compound 3 with 5-nitroisatin as the precursor was 67.39%. The results of the antimicrobial activity test on oxindol derivatives 1, 2, and 3 showed weak activity against both test bacteria, S. aureus and E. coli. The antioxidant activity test with DPPH gave IC50 values of 266.47 ppm, 220.43 ppm, and 654.85 ppm for oxindol derivatives 1, 2, and 3, respectively.