As the Worlds largest alluvial island, Chongming Island of China owns unparalleled ecologicalvalues. Nevertheless, the inherent vulnerability, as well as the conflicts between social & eco-nomic development and environmental conservation, must be paid keen attention EOA This pa-per discusses promising pathways that could lead Chongming Island toward sustainable devel-opment, and in-depth elucidation is provided from the perspectives of ecological planning, wa-ter management and low-carbon society. In certain sections, it also features advanced experi-ences and technologies of Japan, from which Chongming Island could benefit‘ The result isconsidered a useful reference for the relevant decision/policy makers, and contributes to therealization of the ‘eco-island’ notion in Chongming Island.