ABSTRACTTanaman obat dipercaya oleh masyarakat Indonesia memiliki berbagai khasiat untuk menyembuhkan penyakit. Senyawa aktif yang
ada pada tanaman dapat berasal dari metabolit sekunder atau
dari bakteri endofit dan filosfer yang hidup berasosiasi
dengan tanaman obat. Sebanyak 18 isolat bakteri endofit dan 32 isolat bakteri filosfer telah dimurnikan dari tanaman Citrus sp.,
Pluchea indica, Curcuma longa, Nothopanax scuttelarium,
Piper crocatum, dan Andrographis paniculata.
Sebanyak 72% isolat bakteri endofit memiliki aktivitas
proteolitik dan sebanyak 11% memiliki aktivitas lipolitik.
Bakteri filosfer yang memiliki aktivitas proteolitik sebanyak 59% dan sebanyak 19% memiliki aktivitas lipolitik. Analisis keragaman bakteri tersebut dilakukan dengan teknik amplified ribosomal DNA
restriction analysis (ARDRA) dan digesti gen penyandi 16S rRNA dengan menggunakan enzim restriksi endonuklease MspI, RsaI, dan
Sau961. Keragaman bakteri endofit dan filosfer pada beberapa sampel tanaman obat cukup tinggi. Bakteri yang diisolasi dari
tanaman obat yang sama tidak selalu memiliki kekerabatan
genetik yang dekat. Sementara itu, bakteri asal tanaman P.indica
memiliki kekerabatan yang cukup dekat satu sama lain.
AbstractHerbal plants have been believed by Indonesians to be an alternative medicine to treat illnesses. The bioactive
compounds in the plant can be derived from secondary metabolites or from endophytic and phyllosphere bacteria which coexist within medicinal plants. A total of 18 endophytic bacteria and 32 phyllosphere bacteria were isolated from the herbal plants of
Citrus sp., Pluchea indica, Curcuma longa, Nothopanax scuttelarium, Piper rocatum, and Andrographis paniculata. About 72% of endophytic bacteria isolates have proteolytic activity and about 11% have
lipolytic activity. On the other hand, about 59% of phyllosphere bacteria isolates have proteolytic activity and about 19% have lipolytic activity. Phylogenetic diversity analysis was conducted by using the amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) method and the sequence of 16S rDNA was digested with endonuclease restriction
enzymes: MspI, RsaI, and Sau961. The diversity of endophytic and phyllosphere bacterium from the samples of herbal plants was high. Bacteria isolated from the same herbal plant does not always have a close genetic relationship except for the bacteria isolated from the P. indica plant which showed a close genetic relationship with each other.
