Tesis ini berupaya mengangkat fenomena karya sastra sebagai cermin zamannya. Fokus penelitian ditujukan pada novel Aulad Hararina karya Naguib Mahfouz. Penulis berusaha membuktikan adanya kesesuaian antara tema novel dengan kondisi sosial, politik, dan ideologi di Mesir rentang waktu 1952-1959. Novel Aulad Haratina dipilih karena memuat fenomena konflik dan perseteruan antara superior dan inferior yang silih berganti. Kondisi sosial, politik, dan ideologi dalam novel diasumsikan sebagai cermin kondisi sosial, politik, dan ideologi Mesir kurun waktu 1952-1959. Metodologi yang digunakan untuk menemukan kesesuaian antara tema dan kondisi di Mesir tersebut adalah analisis sosiologi sastra. Penelitian ini menemukan adanya kritik dan protes sosial pengarang terhadap kondisi sosial, politik, dan ideologi di Mesir periode tersebut. Kritik dan protes sosial tersebut seputar ketidakadilan, demokrasi yang terbungkam, dan sekularisasi ilmu pengetahuan yang tengah berkembang di Mesir pada masa kekuasaan Presiden Gamal Abdul Naser.

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This thesis analyzes the social phenomena in literature work as a reflection of its social reality background. The focus of this research is a novel entitled Aulad Haratina written by Naguib Mahfouz. The researcher tries to prove relations between theme of the novel and social, political, and ideological condition in Egypt during period of 1952 to 1959. The researcher chooses the novel going to the assumption that there were conflict and hostility between powermen and common people in turns. The social, political, and ideological condition as well in the novel were assumed as a real reflection of social, political, and ideological condition in that period. The methodology used in this research is Sociological literature analysis that is to find out the relation between that theme of the real novel and the real condition in Egypt. As a result, the researcher find the writer's critics and protests toward the social injustice, stifled democracy, and secularization in science when President Gamal Abdul Maser's era domination.